OpenVixDiskLib/docs/nfc_read.md

VDDK NFC disk read

This document records how VMware VDDK reads VMDK sectors over NBD/NFC after the open in docs/nfc_open.md, and how NfcDisk.read in openvixdisklib/nfc_open.py reproduces VixDiskLib_Read. Capture method: docs/reverse_engineering_procedure.md.

Mapping from VDDK

VixDiskLib_Read(handle, startSector, numSectors, buf) becomes one NFC_AIO_MSG_IO (type 7) on the NFC socket. Units on the wire are bytes, not sectors:

offset = startSector * sectorSize
length = numSectors * sectorSize

sectorSize is 512 from the OPEN_FILE reply on this lab disk.

VDDK call	Wire effect
VixDiskLib_Read(h, 0, 1, buf)	IO offset 0, length 512, one 512-byte fragment
VixDiskLib_Read(h, 1, 1, buf)	IO offset 512, length 512
VixDiskLib_Read(h, 0, 128, buf)	IO length 65536 (AIO buffer size), one fragment
VixDiskLib_Read(h, 0, 129, buf)	One request of 66048; two reply fragments

VDDK does not split a Read larger than 64 KiB into multiple requests. The client sends one AIO message; the server answers with one or more same-opId replies, each carrying at most NFC_AIO_BUFFER_SIZE (65536) data bytes. NfcAioInitSession logged that buffer size and count 4 during open.

Sparse regions are still transferred as zeros. A read of 8 sectors at LBA 8 on this disk was 4096 zero bytes on the wire, not a skip.

Request (44 bytes)

Little-endian, after the usual 16-byte AIO header (magic 0xA100DA7A, type 7, size 44, monotonic opId):

Offset	Type	VDDK Read(start, n)
0	uint64	File handle from OPEN_FILE
8	uint64	1 (NFC_AIO_IO_READ; write uses 0)
16	uint64	Byte offset
24	uint64	Byte length
32	uint32	Byte length (same value)
36	uint32	Byte length (same value)
40	uint32	0 (flags; uncompressed in this capture)

An earlier guess that offset 36 was NFC_DISK (2) was wrong: a 1-sector VDDK read puts 512 in both uint32 length fields. A Python read that sent (512, 2, 0) still worked for one sector; the replacement now matches VDDK.

Reply

Each fragment is: 16-byte AIO header (same type and opId) + 44-byte payload + chunkLength data bytes.

Reply payload (handle is zeroed; lengths describe this fragment):

Offset	Type	Meaning
0	uint64	0
8	uint64	1 (read)
16	uint64	Byte offset of the request
24	uint32	Total request length
28	uint32	Fragment index (0, 1, …)
32	uint32	This fragment’s byte length
36	uint32	Same as offset 32
40	uint32	0

When there is a single fragment, offsets 24–31 look like a uint64 length (index is 0). The 129-sector capture shows why they are two uint32s: fragment 0 has (66048, 0) then chunk 65536; fragment 1 has (66048, 1) then chunk 512.

Read loop: receive fragments with that opId until the concatenated data length equals the request. Use the uint32 at payload offset 32 as the extra-data size for that fragment. Do not treat extra data as part of AIO size (that field stays 44).

129-sector example (one client request, two server fragments):

C: type=7 opId=18 size=44  offset=0 length=66048
S: type=7 opId=18 size=44  index=0 chunk=65536  + 65536 data
S: type=7 opId=18 size=44  index=1 chunk=512    + 512 data

Lab check

Integration tests create an empty 10 GiB thin disk, write a repeating pattern at each captured range (including 129 sectors), and read it back. An unwritten region is zeros.

Writes use the same 44-byte IO payload with opcode 2; see docs/nfc_write.md.

Python replacement

NfcDisk.read(start_sector, num_sectors) in openvixdisklib/nfc_open.py. Run:

.venv/bin/pytest tests/integration/test_nfc_read_write.py

The integration test writes and then reads the captured VDDK ranges (including a 129-sector transfer that must assemble two read fragments).

What is still VDDK-only

• Compression flags on the last uint32
• VixDiskLib_ReadAsync (same IO messages, different client threading)
• VixDiskLib_QueryAllocatedBlocks / allocation bitmaps
• VixDiskLib_GetInfo capacity (not required to read a known range)