docker: production image + Gitea Actions for monthly refresh

Dockerfile: self-contained image with corpus + Chroma + BM25 baked
in. Drawbar's compose pulls + runs without volume mounts. Built from
sources.json (labels schema), PRODUCT_NAME=crop_chem by default,
HYBRID_SEARCH=true (always-on for production quality). RERANK_URL +
OLLAMA_URL get set at compose time.

.gitea/workflows/refresh.yml: monthly cron (1st @ 06:00 UTC) does
full scrape → reindex → image push. Scrapes Bayer (~30 min) +
EPA PPLS row-crop filtered (~7h). Skips reindex+push if no corpus
diff. Tags pushed: :latest, :<sha12>, :corpus-<YYYY.MM.DD>.

.gitea/workflows/image-only.yml: on-demand or auto on code-only
pushes to main (paths: docs_mcp/, rag/, scrape/, requirements.txt,
Dockerfile, sources.json). Reindexes from committed corpus, builds
image, pushes. ~10 min vs ~9h full refresh.

.gitignore: corpus/ now COMMITTED (4,159 labels, 265 MB of .md +
sidecars). Lets image-only.yml rebuild indexes without re-scraping.
chroma/ + bm25/ still gitignored (regenerable binary indexes).

.dockerignore: drops venv, eval results, PLAN/README/CLAUDE.md,
deploy/, .git/ — keeps the image lean. corpus + chroma + bm25
explicitly NOT in dockerignore (those go INTO the image).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

corpus/epa_ppls/241-110.md

@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+# MALATHION ULV CONCENTRATE INSECTICIDE
+
+- EPA Reg No: **241-110**
+- Registrant: BASF AGRICULTURAL SOLUTIONS US LLC
+- Signal word: Caution
+- Active ingredients: Malathion  (NO INERT USE) (95%)
+- Label accepted: 1976-06-11
+- Source PDF: https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000241-00110-19760611.pdf
+
+---
+~<I/- II () 0-11-197(" 
+ACCEPTED 
+« JUN 11 1976 
+Unu.·;r ~ Federal t~klo. 
+Fungu.i,de. ono Eodentleld. Ad, 
+~ ~d~~, L'. :~9 reqiateIed under -/I OK 
+EPA No. -
+l~\-\\D 
+.J 
+1 
+CYANAMID 
+IMPORTA-,"T 
+Before Using 
+5 TOP 
+Read Directions 
+in This Leaflet 
+Undiluted spray drople;; of CY· 
+THION" Insecticide, 'The ?remium 
+Grade Malathion" or M,A1.';THIO" 
+ULY* Concentrate Insecticide wi II 
+permallently. da ~P<le. =i1>m"bi:e '"'. . . .. ... . ~ . .. ........ ,. 
+Paint lHv.es~ th~se·spet"',- ::·ln~tL.,;c· 
+I .. • ..... ,j 
+.. ... . . .. 
+\ 
+tions for ground and aerio l appli· 
+cation are f~lIoYfed.' ~ .. 8 ... ... . .. 
+• 
+L .. ....... .. . 
+~--------:-:-: -:-:----:-:-!------.-~-
+• • • • .. .. " .. I •
+
+.",.: 
+Contents Of This Leaflet Apply To Both: 
+CYTHIOj 
+"TMI! !'flEMIUM GRADE MAUTHION 4I 
+EPA Reg. No. 241·208·AA 
+MAlATHION ULV* 
+CONCENTRATE 
+Insecticide 
+EPA Reg. No. 241-11 O-AA 
+""Trademark 
+Active Ingredient: 
+Malathion** 95.0% 
+Inert Ingredients ...... 5.0% 
+**0, O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl 
+mercaplosuccinate 
+(One gallon contains 9.7 pounds of malathion) 
+Al USUARIO; 5i usled no lee ingl~5. no use esle produdo 
+hasta que 10 etiqueta Ie haya sido explicada 
+ampliamente. 
+(TO THE USER: If you cannot read English, do Mt use 
+this product until the label has been fully ex­
+plained to you) 
+Before using, read the directions contained in this leaflet 
+for the proper methods and procedures which must be . 
+followed to achieve effective insect control and avoid· 
+permanent damage to automobile and other paint 
+finishes. 
+CAUTION! 
+KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 
+HARMfUL BY SWALLOWING, , ( , , (' . 
+INHHA T1c.lN OR SK,IN CaNT ACT 
+" '. ". ( 'Avoid; Br:dthing ,,~yC Mist 
+Avoid Contact With Skin 
+• ( t W<lsh Thor?Ughl:, Afhlr ijandling 
+1 
+• c.:l',Jng~ ,C~n~an':hat~. tlothing 
+l' <'" " •• 
+Do Not Ct.ntum;nafe voed t)r ~eed Products , (, " , ( ( .. 
+2 
+r 
+j 
+• 
+This product i. taxic to fi.h. Keep out of lakes, streams, 
+pond. tidal marshes and estuarle.. Do not apply were 
+runoff ia likely to occur. Do not apply when weather 
+conditiona favor drift from areas treated. Do not contami­
+nate water by cleaning of equipment, or disposal of wastes. 
+Shrimp and crab may be killed at application rates re­
+commended on this label. Do not apply where these are 
+important reaourc«. Apply this product only as specified 
+on this label • 
+In cose of on emergency endangering 
+life or property involving this product, 
+call collect, day or night, 
+Area Code 201-835-3100 
+American Cyanamid Company 
+Agricultural Oivision 
+P. O. Box 400 
+Princeton, New Jeney 08540 
+DISCLAIMER 
+The label instructions for the use of this product 
+refled the opinion of experts based on field use and 
+tests. The directions are believed to be reliable and 
+should 'be followed carefully. However, it is impossible 
+to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use of 
+this product. Crop injuury, automobile point damage, 
+ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences may 
+result because of such factors as weather conditions, 
+presence of other materials, Or the manner of use or 
+application all of which are beyond the control of 
+American Cyanamid Company. All such risks shall be 
+assumed by the user. 
+American Cyanamid Company warrants only that the 
+material contained herein conforms to the chemical 
+description on .he lo.el ard- tis .. lfCtSonabt, fit for the 
+use therein d.c~bed v,hen uled irt accorcJci.v:e with the 
+directions for U!t!', su~iecfl'to th; ri~i r@fer~~ to above. 
+Any damage. ~~is~. from ; bre .. ch of .t6.IS warranty 
+shall be limited to direct damages and shall not include 
+consequential commercial damages such as loss of pro­
+fits or values or q{'Iy.other. speciPl,pr in~ir.rl.damages. 
+Am?rica,n Cyananti~:C~nlJtan..)' D"nes "t» other express 
+or Implied warrant)', w'ic"'din~ CW'ly. other ... press or 
+;mpl;ed wa"anty'<of:FIT~CSS 0' p' ~~ItCtV\~TA8Il1TY. 
+3
+
+'. ,. .. " ~ ... 
+Directions For Use 
+CYTHION or MALATHION ULV may be used for the 
+preparation of malathion insecticides. Before using 
+for this purpose, manufacturers should consult 
+American Cyanamid Company for manufacturing 
+and safe handling instructions. 
+~ 
+The sale of this product does not include a license 
+under any patent owned by the American Cyanamid 
+Company. 
+Mosquito Control 
+with Thermal Aerosols or Fogs 
+Applied by Ground Equipment 
+IMPORT ANT NOTICE 
+TO BE APPLIED ONLY BY TRAINED ~ERSONNEL OF 
+PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS, MOSQUITO ABATE. 
+MENT DISTRICTS OR PEST CONTROL OPERATORS. 
+DIRECTIONS FOR USE 
+For control of adult mosquitoes with thermal aerosols or 
+fogs, apply CYTHION or MALATHION ULV at the rate 
+of 6·8 oz. actual/gallon {3.9-S.2 gallons CYTHION or 
+MALATHION UlV in 100 gallons finished solution*l by 
+ground equipment delivering 40 gallons per hour at a 
+vehicle speed of ~miles per hour to treat a swath width 
+of 300·400 feet. . (, '( ( • 
+• • l' .. • 
+0There Is ~ ~reat v,.~atIOf'l; in the ch .. m~:1 composition of 
+fuel oils whtch may b~ used' as theM~ follotvents. These 
+differences may cause sludge and/or affect the solubility of 
+the CYTHION or MALATHtON ULV. For more complete 
+details or( fe'ts'or Sl~g~ form~tion ifnd:solubllity In thermal 
+fog solutit.lns, ....r.Jte AnJer.\c:an Q)tsnardrl Company, P. O. Box 
+400, Printeton, ~er.- .terYy OS$O.: : : . .. " . . . . 
+',' 
+.' 
+• 
+AGRICULTURAL USES 
+Directions For Use 
+For Ultra Low Volume Applications 
+Do not use this product 
+for any usas other than those 
+specified in this leaflet 
+CYTHION or MAlATHIQt.,I UlV is used undiluted in specl· 
+ally designed aircraft or ground equipment capable of 
+applying ultra· low volumes for control of the Insects 
+indicated. Aerial applications are most effective when 
+made at a boom hei~t of 6.fee" • .-d a swath width of 
+•• • • • •• 50 feet. Do-n~ mo.Jcie ~pplt:otiotJ w~e"'¥1nds exceed 
+5 mph. • •• :.. :-:. • •• 
+Mist blowers and boom sprayers utilizing a controlled 
+air flow to facili'te! part~le sile ~nd :pr~; deposition 
+•• ••• ••• •• • may be used at a; v~i~e :peect:of:4 to ~ 0 Mp'h. 
+•••• • ••••• 
+5
+
+,-. - ,-
+.-:~.;-:: ---.~:. - - - : .. -'. 
+-
+Mist blowers with a pump capable of producing up to 
+40 psi and blower speeds of 2600 rpm are satisfactory, 
+Use flat fan nozzles. 8001 to 8002, placed 30· into air 
+blast or rotary atomizers into the air blast that produce 
+an efficient spray particle with a mass median diameter 
+of 40 to 100 microns. Swath widths should not exceed 
+30 feet, and application should not be made when winds 
+exceed 5 mph. 
+Boom sprayers with a filtered rotory air compressor, 
+either PTO or gas engine driven or an air pump capable 
+of producing at least 12 psi are satisfactory. Use air 
+pressure on chemical tanks and an accurate metering 
+valve to assure a calibrated flow of the pesticide. Air 
+should be regulated with relief valve and gauge for 
+proper air and I1q'uid mixture. Pneumatic.type spray 
+nozzles, as suggested by equipment manufacturer, 
+should be used for spray particles with mass median dia­
+meter of 30 to 100 microns. Applications should not be 
+made when winds exceed 5 mph. 
+Repeat applications should be made as necessary unless 
+otherwise specified. 
+'" t •• •• t 
+, , 
+, , 
+... • • • •• .. • • .' • 
+.. 
+••• • • • • 
+, . , 
+• 
+6 
+" f' f, 
+" . 
+• • • . • • • •• • • • • .. 
+---------~, 
+• • • • • •• • •• 
+• 
+• ... ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • •• • • • • 
+• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •
+
+" .. 
+IMPORTANT - Undiluted spray droplets of CYTHION or 
+MAlATHI0t-t UlV will permanently damage automobile 
+paint. If accidental expOsure does occur, the vehicle 
+should be washed immediately. 
+Consult your stote experiment station or state extension 
+service for proper timing of sprays. 
+Crop Pests Controlled 
+----------~------r_--~~~~~~------~. 
+Alfalfa 
+Beans (lima, green, 
+snop, Nav'f, red. •• , 
+kidney, ¥.('JX: dry, : 
+blackeye): ' • : 
+· · .. ... · · • • . . 
+'" 
+.. 
+8 
+Alfalfa caterpillar 
+Western yellow striped 
+armyworm 
+Alfalfa weevil larvae 
+Beet armyworm 
+Grasshoppers 
+Mexican bean beetle 
+leo{I,opperl\ 
+Gretn clO:V'e~ worm 
+Jupall.ese ,beetle 
+lyg,,'s. ~ugs. • 
+. .. .. • . • . .. 
+• 
+This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct 
+treatment or residues on crops. Protective information 
+may be obtained from your Cooperative Agricultural 
+Extension Service. 
+Fluid Ounces 
+Jler Acre 
+8 
+12 
+16 
+8 
+16 
+8 
+Days to Harvest or 
+Grazing & Comments 
+o day. Apply when larvoe are small 
+5 days. Apply when larvae are large 
+or when foliage is dense. 
+5 days. Apply when day temperatures 
+or. expected to exceed 6S'F. and 
+when 50-75% of leaves show feeding 
+damage. 
+o day. Apply when larvae are small. 
+5 days. Apply when larvae are lorge 
+or when foliage is dense. 
+o day. 
+Do not apply to alfalfa in bloom 
+Do not apply to seed alfalfa 
+• • • •• ••• • 8 • • : day.: • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •• • •• •• • •• •• • · •• 
+(Continued) 
+• • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • •• .. • ••• .. • • 0 • • • • • 0 o • 
+0 0 0 0 0 
+• 0 0 
+0 .. ... 
+9
+
+;" .. 
+.",.: 
+(Continued) 
+Crop 
+Blueberri~s 
+~ 
+Cherries 
+Cereal crops (barley, 
+corn, oats, wheat) 
+and grasses 
+Clover, Pasture and 
+Range Grass, Grass, 
+Grass Hay, Non-
+agricultural Lands 
+(wastelands, roadsides) 
+Corn 
+Cotton 
+• < 
+• .. • 
+... .. .. , 
+. -... . 
+•• 
+.. ... • • 
+Pests Controlled 
+Blueberry maggot 
+Cherry fruit fly 
+Cereal leaf beetle 
+Grasshoppers 
+Adult corn rootworm 
+Early Season Insects: 
+Thrips 
+Fleahoppers 
+leafhoppers 
+Boll weevil 
+Grasshoppers 
+• • • • • •• • l'llJus ~l'~s 
+• r, f' C ~ 
+• • . .. .. . • .. 
+10 
+,. 
+! 
+• 
+-
+. 
+" 
+Fluid Ounces 
+Per Acre 
+10 
+12·16 
+4·8 
+8 
+4 
+4-8 
+8-12 
+16 
+8 
+8·12 .. 
+.. .. 
+16 ." .. .... 
+o day 
+1 day. 
+Days to Harvest or 
+Grazing & Comments 
+• 
+Apply by aircraft only. Us. 
+higher rate when foliage is heavy or 
+infestation is severe. Make first 
+application as soon as flies appear . 
+Barley, oats, wheat: 7 da)'s. 
+Corn: 5 days. Grasses: o day. 
+o day. Do not apply to clover ;n 
+bloom. 
+5 days. 
+Early to mid season 
+late season o Doy 
+.. "4" a'l'l _ 'I~ 
+~~ 
+" . " .. ~ 
+"'ter., he;lY rfJi~rCtjn~t 
+"1lopulatl!Ons. .. .. .. 
+.. .. ... " .... "~: (Continued) 
+11
+
+.. , 
+(Continued) 
+Crop Pests Controlled 
+Grain Crops (barley, 1:orn 
+oats, rye, rice, grain Grasshoppers 
+sorghum and wheat) 
+Grain Sorghum ~ Sorghum midge 
+Peas (Northwest) Pea Weevil 
+Rice-Grain Form Rice stink bug 
+(louisiana, Texas) 
+Safflower Grasshoppers 
+"lygus bugs 
+Soybeans Mexican bean beetle 
+Grasshoppers 
+Japanese beetle 
+Green doverworm 
+Sugar Beets Grasshoppers 
+Sugar beet root 
+maggot adults 
+Nonagricultural Lands Beet leafhopper 
+(on wild host plants) 
+Beef Cattle-Feed lots and Adult flies and 
+Holding Pens Mosquitoes 
+OTHER AGRICULT1lIIAL USES, 
+Alfalfa, Cla,(&'rl Posture a1nJi' Range Grf1;s. Gross and 
+Grass ~ay, !ql'..1ir:. Cr:,"'ps, pea~s, ~ice, C"!dmatoes .and 
+Nonagrlcult ....... al landS! (wnrteland): .Mult mosquitoes 
+and flies-App~)' CYTH\ON 6r MAl!J(flilON' ULV at the 
+rate of 2 to .4 fluid ounces for control of adult mosquitoes 
+and at 6 to 8 fluid ounces per acre for control of adult 
+flies and "1d~ltuiioes. :R~oeat ~ppli~..lti!-,ns as necessary. 
+" '" 
+" ., 
+12 
+, 
+; 
+, ' 
+.. 
+I 
+Fluid Ounces 
+per Acre 
+8 
+8-12 
+8 
+8 
+8 
+8 
+8 
+8 
+6-8 
+• 
+Days to Harvest or 
+Grazing and Commenh 
+7 days. except corn. Corn: 5 days 
+7 days. Apply during the bloom stage. 
+14 days 
+7 days. Apply by aircraft only. Apply 
+during early milk and dough stage of 
+growing rice. 
+3 days of horvesting seeds. 
+7 days 
+o day 
+7 days. If tops ore to be used for 
+food or feed. 
+o day 
+o day 
+On alfalfa, clover, ~asture and tq,nge grpss, grass and 
+grass hay, 1"i~)Io be ~pliecf:'~ do," of hmveut or grazing. 
+Do not apFtY.Jo aJft:llf" ac$d cloler In ~aom. Do not 
+use on seed alAal6a. On gf'C!'in CfCfpS, ma~ no applica­
+tion within ,,]-dals·tf har.J'est 01 forag~·use; on corn, 
+within 5 days of harvest or forage; on rice, within 7 days 
+of harvest; on beans and tomotoes, within 1 doy of 
+harvest. :::::: •• : 
+•• ••• ••• •• • 
+: : :: :::: • :(Contlnued) 
+~~ ~~ ..... 
+13
+
+• 
+(Continued) 
+FOREST INSECTS 
+Apply with aircraft equipped for ultra low volume ap-
+plication. Make application when air is calm and 
+temperature is below 68"F. Do not allow spray to con-
+tact ferns, hickory CWd maples as injury may result. Do , 
+not spray on elms under extreme heat, drought and 
+disease conditions. 
+. . 
+Fluid Ounces 
+Tree Pest Controlled per Acre Commenh 
+Douglas Fir 13 Apply when highest percentage of True Fir Spruce budworm larvae are in the fifth inster. Spruce 
+Hemlock Hemlock looper 8 Apply when most larvae ore in third 
+and fourth inster. 
+Apply when larvae are in the first or 
+European pine sawfly second instor or before they reach 1/2 
+Pines 10 inch in length. 
+5arotoga spittlebug Apply when 95% 
+hos become adult. 
+of the population 
+8 Apply in spring as soon as larvae 
+Larch Larch casebearer break hibernation and begin feeding 
+on new foliage. 
+0 
+- .. 'j," (t"" ,. , '..1---' ~ 
+• • • • • • • . . o. 
+" . ' • , 
+• • • • • • , , . .. • , • , , 
+t t, 0 
+· • • • .. ... • • • ,. • GO 
+• .. .. • • .. • lA~de :and • .. · • ... .. <0 ~~(. PIliRted in U.S,A. 
+, ... • · · • • • , · · • • • ... 
+• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 
+· .. ... · .. .. •• .. • • •• .. · .. · • · • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • · • 0 • • • • • " • • • • • • • • ... .. • .. .. " .. .. " .. ... " .... 
+14 15 
+-------,,--_._--;.
+
+Ultra Low Volume Aerial 
+Application where 
+automobiles, trailers, 
+trucks and pleasure 
+boats are present 
+IMPORTANT NOTICE 
+TO BE APPLIED ONLY BY TRAINED PERSONNel OF 
+PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS, MOSQUITO ABATE. 
+MENT DISTRICTS OR PEST CONTROL OPERATORS. 
+DIRECTIONS FOR USE 
+ADULT MOSQUITO CONTROL OVER. CITIES, TOWNS, 
+AND OTHER AREAS WHERE AUTOMOBilES, TRAilERS, 
+TRUCKS AND PLEASURE BOATS ARE PRESENT, Apply 
+2.6 to 3.0 fluid ounce~ of CYTHION or MALATHION UlV 
+per acre. Aerial spraying should not be attempted when 
+the wind is at or above 10 mph or temperatures are 
+above 82°F. 
+IMPORTANT - Undiluted spray droplets of CYTHION or 
+MALATHION Ul V wilt permanently damage vehicle paint 
+finishes unless the aircraft used for the ultro low volume 
+application meets all of the specifications listed below: 
+fiXED WING AIRCRAfT 
+1. Aircraft is operated at 1 SO mph or more. 
+2. There are no leaks in 'the ultra low volume spray 
+system. 
+3. Nozzles, ar~ f'1to.cid .~'\ the poam lit a 45° angle 
+down ond Into the wmd. e •• 
+•• • c • •• 
+4. ~iaphtcfg":, :h1~ vo,h:es dire IIsfd!Gn all nozzles to 
+Insure l'o.slf1ve wt 0 f.of the.S(lfay .• c 
+5. Dosage of CYTHION or MALATHION ULV does not 
+exceed 3 fluid ounces per acre. 
+"" '···t 6. The I.proy,slstem I"roduC'es doop '3ts of this product 
+in titt set t~ ~":m6sS: ~edld'l diameter (MMD) 
+micrf''i la~\I/!' 'lfi!" no n:~rt: t~.~ft 10% of the drop-
+16 
+lets exceeding 100 microns, as determined by read­
+ings made from microscope slides coated with 
+DRI-FILM* or TEFlON@. 
+HELICOPTER 
+Equipment Specifications 
+1. Rotary nozzle equivalent to Beecomist Spray Head 
+Assembly Model No. 350 equipped with: 
+a. a direct reading RPM tachometer or low RPM 
+signal light readily visable to operator; 
+b. a stainless steel porous metal sleeve, 20 micron 
+pore size, dynamically balanced to the nozzle; 
+c. a diaphragm check valve as near to the rotary 
+nozzle as possible to insure positive cut off of 
+the spray; 
+d. nozzle on-off switch separate from main switch 
+and pump switch. 
+2. Minimum no-load nozzle speed of 10,500 RPM. 
+3. A cOntinuous nonpulsating metered flow must be 
+maintained by a variable speed metering pump 
+equipped with: 
+a. a positive cut off valve between tank and pump; 
+b. a flow guage or tachometer visible to operator; 
+c. a pump on-off switch separate from main 
+switch and nozzle switch. 
+4. Maximum flow rate of 0.5 gallon per minute per 
+nozzle. 
+S. Rotary nozzle must be mounted behind and below 
+the boom with the sleeve directed toward the rear 
+of the aircraft and parallel to the ground during 
+flight. Nozzle must be positioned to minimize air 
+turbulence and the collection of CYTHION or MALA­
+THION UlV droplets on mounting brackets, feed 
+lines, fillings, etc., or any part of the aircraft. 
+Operating Pro~E~~res :: "~; '. r .. "" 
+6. CYTHION··U"·:MAt.ATHIOh~ ULV~:mu]t be. "prefiltered 
+through q. 1,0 rrfiCfC?n filte~:prioUo tror:'.s.~er into heli­
+copter tonk. A" 50 mesh stainless steel line strainer 
+must be installed in the pump feed line. 
+r,,, " Co ,. ~ 
+~Trademark of Gem?r-:d: Eler.t~ic ... C;:T...p.~ny "~ 
+n Registered TrademHr,<:of:f. ~ dUPq)1t oe ~e~our~ ~ Co .. Inc. 
+17
+
+7. Entire system, including tonk, pump, nozzle and 
+feed lines, to be used only for application of 
+CYTHION or MALATHION ULV. 
+8. Entire system must be inspected daily to insure 1hat 
+there are no leaks. 
+9. Sleeve must be removed and cleaned immediately 
+after each use by washing with hot water and 
+blowing dry from outside in with clean air. 
+10. Rotating nozzle""" must be turned on and operating 
+before turning on pump. For shut off. pump must 
+be shut off and lines cleared prior to stopping noz· 
+Ie rotation. 
+11. Dosage of CYTHION or MALATHION ULV does not 
+exceed 3 fluid ounces per acre. 
+12. The spray system must produce droplets of CYTHION 
+or MALATHION ULV with a mass median diameter 
+(MMD) of less than 50 microns, with no more than 
+2.5% of the droplets exceeding 100 microns. as 
+determined by readings made from microscope 
+slides coo ted with DRI·FILM or TEFLON. 
+-• .. . ... • • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • .. •• .. • • .. ... .. 
+... • • • • • • • • • .. ... .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ... .. ... .. 
+18 
+Ultra Low Volume 
+Application 
+NONTHERMAL AEROSOLS 
+Applied by 
+GROUND EQUIPMENT 
+IMPORTANT NOTICE 
+• 
+TO BE APPLIED ONLY BY TRAINED PERSONNEl OF 
+PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS, MOSQUITO ABATE· 
+MENT DISTRICTS OR PEST CONTROL OPERATORS. 
+DIRECTIONS FOR USE 
+Adult Mosquito Control - For control of adult mosquitoes 
+over a 300·foot swath with nonthermal aerosols of 
+CYTHION or MALATHION ULV using the ultra low volume 
+method, use the folloWing rates at the indicated vehicle 
+speeds: 
+Vehicle Speed Flaw Rate of &YT.JUON or MALATHION ULV Maximum Fig. 
+Miles per Kour Fluid OllCes per Minllte Rate per HOir 
+5 1.0 to 2.1 fluid ounces 1 gallon 
+10 2.0 to 4.3 fluid ounces 2 gallons 
+Adult Stable Fly Control- For control of adult stable flies 
+over a 300·foot swath with nonthermol aerosols of 
+CYTHION or MALATHION ULV using the ultra low 
+volume method, use the following flaw rates at the 
+indicated vehicle speeds: 
+Vehicle Speed 
+Miles per Multi' 
+5 
+10 
+Flaw Rate of &YTKION Of MALATHION ULY 
+Fluid Oances per Minute 
+2.1 fluid ounces 
+4.3 fluid ounces 
+DROPLET SIZE 
+Muimllm Fill .. 
+Rate per KOlr 
+1 gallon 
+2 gallons 
+1. The mass median diameter (MMD) of the droplefs 
+should not exceed 17 microns. The MMD is the 
+drop diar;leter ... ·.hich -i::v~de,s .tSe sprcy volume into 
+two eq,?:al~~parts,;: i.e. 59% o~: the vi?hJJne is, in the 
+drop size •• be1c,w t~e I\\MD (md .50%" :'5 above the 
+MMD. ,. It'' ~ -' _. I:"~ I:"~ ,,'" 
+2. Spray droplets should not exceed 32 microns in size. 
+Three percent of the spray droplets (6 droplets out of 
+200) can e~ce~d 3~ micrpnf proy,idJr:'.9, the MMD 
+does not exree,d 17 O'Iicro..-..s CI./Od n~ drop~ets exceed 
+a maximum,dt:48, m;cr'6ni=~ ',"o.~g·e.r dro~lets, when 
+transported" ~y 'n,a.;'ural-:· ~r "c,uyre..n!!l1 impinge 
+19
+
+more readily on objects in their pathway and will 
+permanently damage automobile-type paints. 
+3. More than one-half of the total spray mass must 
+consist of droplets in the 6 to 18 micron range to 
+achieve adequate dispersal of insecticide over 0 
+300-foot swath. 
+4. A minimum of two-thirds, preferably four-fifths of 
+the total spray mass must consis.t of droplets not 
+exceeding 24 microns in range. 
+~ 
+OPERATING EQUIPMENT 
+Each Nonthermal Aerosol Generator used for dispersal 
+of CYTHION or MALATHION ULV to control adult mos­
+quitoes must have minimum capability of producing the 
+droplet spectrum described under DROPLET SIZE. The 
+initial determination of droplet size is made after the 
+unit is installed in a vehicle and prior to its use in mos­
+quito control operations. The unit should be rechecked 
+as frequently as necessary to insure that proper droplet 
+size is maintained for each operation. Determination of 
+droplet size every two months is usually suffiCient if the 
+unit has been mainta:ned in good opero'ting condition. 
+EqUipment manufacturer's instructions setting forth clean­
+ing and maintenance of the unit must be followed. The 
+unit must be inspected before each operation to correct 
+any leaks or obstructions in the spray system; to detect 
+whether the nozzle, hoses, or other ports are worn and 
+need replacement; to insure that the flow meter is 
+properly calibrated; and to determine that the pressure 
+recommended by the manufacturer is being maintained. 
+Flow Rate - must be regulated by accurate flow meter. 
+not greater than 1 gallon per hour at 5 mph 
+or 2 gallons per hour at 10 mph. 
+Nozzle Direction - rear of the vehicle. 
+..,., upword at an angle of 45° or more. 
+Vehicle SP"'1l. - nAC ~rehj/l- tho~ 10 'l'~~s per hour. 
+• • - shlfl off ~ra~ ~uip",eM when vehicle 
+• • • is. :top~. '.: • 
+• • • • •• • • • 
+IMPORTANT -
+... 
+• .. • ... 
+Spray droplets of undiluted CYTHION or 
+MALATHION ULV will permanently 
+:dam~~Et aut0l"0.bilf ~int unless all the 
+.«mdltIO«S ede(.4(.befl. and recommended 
+:in:.t~s {eafleC ate )n~. 
+• • • • • • • 
+20 
+Directions for Determining 
+the droplet size of 
+CYTHION or MALATHION ULV 
+nonthermal aerosols 
+• 
+Permanent records of each droplet size determination 
+must be kept and made available to American Cyanamid 
+upon req uest. 
+I. Preparation of Slides with DRleFILM 
+CYTHION OR MALATHION ULV droplet sizes are deter. 
+mined by depositing a sample of the aerosol on a coated 
+gloss slide and measuring the droplets under a high. 
+power microscope. Ordinary 3" xl" gloss slides may 
+be cooted with silicone (General Electric SC-87 DRI-FILM) 
+prior to sampling to prevent excessive spreading or coale­
+scence of the droplets. The slides are dipped into a 
+10 percent so-:ulion of DRI·FILM in toluene, drained and 
+dried at about 200"F. for 30 minutes, ofter which they 
+are dipped in acetone, allowed to dry and stored in a 
+tight slide box. Cooting solution must be freshly pre­
+pared. 00 not store coating solution because it wi1\ 
+deteriorate. Slides are lightly polished with a soft tissue 
+before using to remove any foreign particles. 
+II. Deposition of CYTHION OR MALATHION ULV 
+Droplets on Slides 
+Droplets should be collected under ideal operating con­
+ditions to insure representative sampling of droplets in 
+the aerosol. A sample of the CYTHION or MALATHION 
+ULV aerosol is deposited on a slide by waving the slide 
+as rapidly as possible perpendicular through the aerosol 
+cloud at a distance of 25 feet from the point of discharge. 
+The slide velOCity may be increased by attaching it to a 
+3 or 4 foot stick by means of a spring paper clip. At 
+least two slides. should. ~e ~~p'os:~ Ito ins~re on ade· 
+quote sample.. .~tore .shdes .. n a ,fight !hd:1 box for 
+transfer to a lotcat~n '1;'1er~ m~asure'<men}s co,~ be mode. 
+Avoid excessive ,.hellt during< '.~ron..;ii and ~':ore in c 
+cool place untirmeas\SUmenls tan be made.' 
+Although label specifications require the aerosol non Ie 
+to be angled upwo[d .. at 45.
+0 
+or -:,",o,e dU{,inr, ,[,peration, 
+it is more convenioot'lto pCGition. th,r" nozde purallel to 
+the ground for dropfe'f sqrhpling:, 'I~ thi~}s nc;t.:possible 
+it .will be ne~esso}y, :IO'?~ posdi,ohed <~t .p't lufficient 
+height to oblom a representative sample of the aerosol. 
+21
+
+-
+III. Determination of CYTHION or MALATHION ULV 
+Droplet Sizes 
+A microscope with mechanical stage and an eyepiece 
+micrometer are used to determine the size of the indivi­
+dual aerosol droplets. Prior to taking measurements, the 
+divisions of the eyepiece micrometer must be calibrated 
+into microns by means of a stage micrometer. In the 
+example represented in Table 1, droplets were measured 
+at 400x magnification. At that magnification each 
+division of the eyepiece was calibrated to equal 3.5 
+microns. 
+At least 200 droplets should be measured. Usually this 
+is easily accomplished on one slide. An accurate method 
+is to measure all droplets that pass through the micro­
+meter scale as the slide is moved from one edge to the 
+other by using the mechanical stage. Measurements 
+should nat be taken along the margins of the slide. It 
+is more convenient to measure in terms of the divisions 
+of the eyepiece micrc.:neter and then convert these divi­
+sions into microns. 
+The measurements converted into microns must then be 
+corrected for the amount of spread that occurred on the 
+slides. The CYTHION or MALATHION ULV spread factor 
+for silicone-coated slides is 0.5. Therefore, in, Table 1 
+each division of the eyepiece odually equals 1.75 mic­
+rons (3.5 microns times the 0.5 spread factor). 
+lhe spread factor for TEflON-coated slides is 0.69. The 
+following procedure as given for silicone-coated slides, 
+would be the same for TEflON-coated slides once the 
+value for each eyepiece division has been determined. 
+The measurements are tabulated and processed as in 
+Tobie 1. The Maximum Diameter is calculated by con­
+verting the diameter of the largest droplet measured into 
+microns. In Table 1, the lorgest droplet measured had a 
+diameter of 19 eyepiece divisions. Therefore, the Maxi· 
+mum Diameter is 33.3 microns (19 x 1.75 = 33.3), 
+• ••• ••• • • To determ~e: the I$ss If,edion:Diantetetr (MMO), the 
+accumulatiU peltCenktges irolT9tha.lastuo'umn in Tobie 
+1 are plott~d ~gaintCthe·~epiec~ ptvis'~f'\S (0) on arith· 
+methic probability paper as in Figure 1. Directly across 
+from the 50 percent point on the line is the median drop­
+let size i",,~p,ece cijviiions ¥"hich.m~st be converted to 
+microns .• \n F~.ure.(, ".2 e:epieoe civisions times 'the 
+conversioZ,. foc"'·, .ot!, ~5· e<WoJs ~. Vtass Median Dia-
+meter of '~\1 ~lldorfs. • : •• : •• 
+22 
+•
+
+'" 
+If 
+15 
+iii 
+5 14 
+~ 
+~lJ 
+~ 
+~ 12 
+1111 
+Z 
+2 10 
+'" ~ , o 
+" . '" z Q 7 
+'" :; 
+Ci • 
+'" hl 5 
+ii: 
+'" . ~ 
+• 
+2 
+• 
+figure 1. 
+Percentage of the total volume of aerosol samples be­
+low each stated droplet size (from Table 1). The Mass 
+Median Diameter 'is determined from the 50 percent 
+point on the line. The Mass Median Diameter (MMD) 
+= 9.2 divisions times 1.75 = 16.1 microns. 
+I 
+ill 
+Ilffi! 
+I 
+~ 
+~ II II F 
+-1= , 
+~. 
+'",',." I ,., 
+I 
+I 
+m 
+I 
+I.Ot = , : 1 ACCUMULATIVE PERCENT;·~E • • • •• •• • • • • • , • • • • , , , .. • 
+23 
+• 
+." 
+, 
+-. - .~--~-
+• .:: . .... ~ .. 
+• • • • • • • • • • • · . · . 
+24 
+','
+
+-', 
+-- _., ~.',,,. . '." 
+-'ill" ;'--~' liiiA&;, 5 
+Table 1. - Representative Count of CYTHION or 
+MALATHION ULV Concentrate Aerosol 
+Droplets Impinged on Microscope Slides 
+Coated with DRI-FILM. 
+EyeplKI "Imber of % If lltal Aceamolatin DiYisius Droplets DXN DXN 
+(0)' 00 • (1)XN) Permtages 
+• 
+5 5 0,31 0,31 
+2 10 20 1.22 1.53 
+3 9 27 1.65 3,18 
+4 12 48 2,93 6,11 
+5 15 75 4.58 10.69 
+6 12 72 4.40 15.09 
+7 25 175 10.70 25.79 
+8 14 112 6.85 32.64 
+9 28 252 15.40 48.04 
+10 19 190 11.61 59.65 
+11 14 154 9.41 65.06 
+12 10 120 7.33 76.39 
+13 6 78 4.77 81.16 
+14 4 56 3.42 84.58 
+15 11 165 10.09 94.67 
+16 2 32 1.96 96.63 
+18 2 36 c 2.20 98.83 
+19 (. (,19 , (!f.16!' 99.99 
+'T6li6 ' , , 
+Total 199 6 , , • • , •• .. .. ••• 0 • 
+·Measurements were taken at 400x mag.ification. Each eyepiece lIiyision eqllals 
+1.1~ microns (3.5 mlcrons:timts the 1.5 sprefllJctor).: t" 
+C. • ••• •• , • ( 
+. . . ~ 
+~ . . . 
+• t •• 
+25 
+~ . . ( 
+• • • t. 
+" 
+• 
+, 
+Also for use in accordance with the recommenda. 
+tions and instructions issued by the United Stotes 
+Department of Agriculture for quarantine programs. 
+To be used only by or under the direction of 
+Federal/Slale personnel for quarantine treatments. 
+" , 
+• 
+. ~, ..... 
+t ( •• 
+, . • • , . 
+.~ 
+• • • •• • •• · .. _---
+·11~;r~THlo. N ULV' I 
+• CO~~~eEc~~~~TE I 
+l! _-!- ____ . ______ -.-----J 
+.. • • • • . . 
+.j