crop-chem-docs/corpus/epa_ppls/1381-258.md

KOCHIAVORE

• EPA Reg No: 1381-258
• Registrant: WINFIELD SOLUTIONS, LLC
• Signal word: Caution
• Active ingredients: 2,4-D, 2-ethylhexyl ester (25.93%); Bromoxynil octanoate (25.13%); Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester (10%)
• Label accepted: 2022-12-19
• Source PDF: https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/001381-00258-20221219.pdf

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, DC 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION

December 19, 2022

Diana Williams Registration Specialist Winfield Solutions, LLC P.O. Box 64589 St. Paul, MN 55164-0589

Subject: Registration Review Label Amendments Incorporating Mitigation Measures from the Interim Decisions for Bromoxynil and Fluroxypyr and the National Marine Fisheries Services’ (NMFS) Biological Opinion on the Effects of Bromoxynil on Pacific Salmonids Product Name: KOCHIAVORE EPA Registration Number: 1381-258 Application Dates: 9/8/21, 9/17/2021, and 2/24/2022 Decision Numbers: 578355, 578556, and 589109

Dear Diana Williams:

The Agency, in accordance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended, has completed reviewing all the information submitted with your application to support the Registration Review of the above referenced product in connection with the Bromoxynil and Fluroxypyr Interim Decisions. The Agency has concluded that your submission is acceptable.

This letter also addresses the label mitigation resulting from the NMFS’ Biological Opinion on the effects of Bromoxynil on Pacific salmonids. The Agency has concluded that your submission is also acceptable. The label referred to above, submitted in connection with registration under FIFRA, as amended, is acceptable.

Should you wish to add/retain a reference to the company’s website on your label, then please be aware that the website becomes labeling under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and is subject to review by the Agency. If the website is false or misleading, the product would be misbranded and unlawful to sell or distribute under FIFRA section 12(a)(1)(E). 40 CFR 156.10(a)(5) list examples of statements EPA may consider false or misleading. In addition, regardless of whether a website is referenced on your product’s label, claims made on the website may not substantially differ from those claims approved through the registration process. Therefore, should the Agency find or if it is brought to our attention that a website contains false or misleading statements or claims substantially differing from the EPA approved registration, the website will be referred to the EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance.

Page 2 of 2 EPA Reg. No. 1381-258 Decision No. 578355, 578556, and 589109

A stamped copy of your labeling is enclosed for your records. This labeling supersedes all previously accepted labeling. You must submit one copy of the final printed labeling before you release the product for shipment with the new labeling. In accordance with 40 CFR 152.130(c), you may distribute or sell this product under the previously approved labeling for 12 months from the date of this letter. After 12 months, you may only distribute or sell this product if it bears this new revised labeling or subsequently approved labeling. “To distribute or sell” is defined under FIFRA section 2(gg) and its implementing regulation at 40 CFR 152.3.

If you have any questions about this letter, please contact Quinn Gavin at gavin.quinn@epa.gov.

Sincerely,

Linda Arrington, Branch Chief Risk Management and Implementation Branch 4 Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division Office of Pesticide Programs

Enclosure

1 2,4-D, FLUROXYPYR GROUP 4 HERBICIDE BROMOXYNIL GROUP 6 HERBICIDE Kochiavore® FOR SELECTIVE POSTEMERGENCE CONTROL OF BROADLEAF WEEDS IN WHEAT, BARLEY, CORN, SORGHUM, NON-CROPLAND AREAS, CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM LAND AND FALLOWLAND DO NOT APPLY TO RESIDENTIAL AREAS ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid1 ……………………………. 25.93% Octanoic acid ester of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile)2 ………. 25.13% Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester ((4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2- pyridinyl)oxy) acetic acid, 1-methylheptyl ester3 ……………………….. 10.00% OTHER INGREDIENTS: …………………………………………………………… 38.94% TOTAL ……………………………………………………………………………… 100.00% Contains petroleum distillates Equivalent to: 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 17.26%, 1.67 lb/gal 2 Bromoxynil 17.26%, 1.67 lb/gal 3 Fluroxypyr acid 6.94%, 0.67 lb/gal KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN CAUTION FIRST AID If swallowed x Immediately call a poison control center or doctor. x Do not induce vomiting unless told to by a poison control center or doctor. x Do not give any liquid to the person. x Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If in eyes x Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15 to 20 minutes. x Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye. x Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. If on skin or clothing x Take off contaminated clothing. x Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15 to 20 minutes. x Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. HOT LINE NUMBER: Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment. In case of health emergency, call toll-free 1-877-424-7452. NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: May pose an aspiration pneumonia hazard. Contains petroleum distillate. See booklet for additional PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS, COMPLETE DIRECTIONS FOR USE, WARRANTY DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. EPA Reg. No. 1381-258 EPA Est. No. 42750-MO-001 Distributed By NET CONTENTS 2.5 GALLONS Winfield Solutions, LLC P.O. Box 64589, St. Paul, MN 55164-0589 2/1208/2R 12/19/2022 1381-258

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PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS CAUTION: Harmful if swallowed. Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below.

All mixers, loaders, applicators, flaggers, and other handlers must wear: x Long-sleeved shirt and long pants x Chemical-resistant gloves made of barrier laminate, butyl rubber (> 14 mils), nitrile rubber (> 14 mils), or viton (> 14 mils) x Chemical-resistant apron when mixing or loading, cleaning equipment, cleaning up spills, or otherwise exposed to the concentrate x Shoes plus socks

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product’s concentrate. Do not reuse them. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions fo r washables exist, use detergent and hot wate r. Keep and wa sh PPE separately from other laundry.

To reduce exposure to residues, wash the spray rig, tractor, and all other equipment used to handle or apply this product with water daily or before using the equipment for any other purpose.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS: When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides [40 CFR 170.240 (d) (4-6)], the handler PPE may be reduced or modified as specified in the WPS. Pilots must use an enclosed cockpit that meets the requirements listed in the WPS for agricultural pesticides [40 CFR 170.240(d)(6)]

Handlers must use closed mixing loading systems during mixing/loading liquids for aerial applications to fallow land and high-acreage field crops.

USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS Users should: • Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. • Remove clothing/PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. If pesticide gets on skin, wash immediately with soap and water. • Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS This pesticide is toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in water adjacent to treated areas.

This chemical has properties and characteristics associated with chemicals detected in groundwater. The use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination. Application around a cistern or well may result in contamination of drinking water or groundwater.

NON-TARGET ORGANISM ADVISORY: This product is toxic to plants and may adversely impact the forage and habitat of non-target organisms, including pollinators, in areas adjacent to the treated site. Protect the forage and habitat of non-target organisms by following label directions intended to minimize spray drift.

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Reporting Ecological Incidents: To report ecological incidents, including mortality, injury, or harm to plants and animals, call 1-855-494- 6343.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARDS Do not mix or allow coming in contact with oxidizing agent. Hazardous chemical reaction may occur.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application. For any requirement specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide regulation.

Endangered Species Protection Requirements: It is a Federal offense to use any pesticide in a manner that results in an unauthorized “take” (e.g., kill or otherwise harm) of an endangered species and certain threatened species, under the Endangered Species Act section 9. When using this product, you must follow the measures contained in the Endangered Species Protection Bulletin for the area in which you are applying the product. You must obtain a Bulletin no earlier than six months before using this product. To obtain Bulletins, consult http://www.epa.gov/espp/, call 1- 844-447-3813, or email ESPP@epa.gov. You must use the Bulletin valid for the month in which you will apply the product.

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. This standard contains requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE) and restricted-entry intervals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker Protection Standard.

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 24 hours, except for corn and grass. For corn and grass, do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 2 days.

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, is coveralls, chemical-resistant gloves made of barrier laminate, butyl rubber (> 14 mils), nitrile rubber (> 14 mils), or viton (> 14 mils), shoes plus socks, and protective eyewear.

NON-AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS The requirements in this box apply to uses of this product that are NOT within the scope of the Worker Protection Standard for agricultural pesticides (40 CFR part 170). The WPS applies when this product is used to produce agricultural plants on farms, forests, nurseries, or greenhouses.

Do not enter or allow people (or pets) to enter the treated area until sprays have dried.

USE INFORMATION Kochiavore is an emulsifiable concentrate that provides selective postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley, corn and sorghum and non-cropland areas, including Conservation Reserve Program land and fallowland.

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WEED RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT Kochiavore is a premix of two Group 4 and one Group 6 herbicides. Any weed population may contain plants naturally resistant to Group 4 and/or Group 6 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Appropriate resistance- management strategies should be followed.

To delay herbicide resistance, take one or more of the following steps: x Rotate the use of this product or other Group 4 and Group 6 herbicides, within a growing season sequence or among growing seasons, with different herbicide groups that control the same weeds in a field. x Use tank mixtures with herbicides from a different group if such use is permitted; where information on resistance in target weed species is available use the less resistance-prone partner at a rate that will control the target weed(s) equally as well as the more resistance-prone partner. Consult your local extension service or certified crop advisor if you are unsure as to which active ingredient is currently less prone to resistance. x Adopt an integrated weed-management program for herbicide use that includes scouting and uses historical information related to herbicide use and crop rotation, and that considers tillage (or other mechanical control methods), cultural (e.g., higher crop seeding rates; precision fertilizer application method and timing to favor the crop and not the weeds), biological (weed-competitive crops or varieties) and other management practices. x Scout fields prior to application to identify the weed species present and their growth stage to determine if the intended application will be effective. x Scout fields after herbicide application to monitor weed populations for early signs of resistance development. Indicators of possible herbicide resistance include: o Failure to control a weed species normally controlled by the herbicide at the dose applied, especially if control is achieved on adjacent weeds. o A spreading patch of non-controlled plants of a particular weed species. o Surviving plants mixed with controlled individuals of the same species. If resistance is suspected, prevent weed seed production in the affected area by an alternative herbicide from a different group or by a mechanical method such as hoeing or tillage. Prevent movement of resistant weed seeds to other fields by cleaning harvesting and tillage equipment when moving between fields, and planting clean seed. x If a weed pest population continues to progress after treatment with this product, discontinue use of this product, and switch to another management strategy or herbicide with a different mode of action, if available. x Contact your local extension specialist, certified crop advisors, and/or Winfield Solutions, LLC representative for pesticide resistance management and/or integrated weed management recommendations for specific crops and resistant weed biotypes. x For further information or to report suspected resistance, contact your Winfield Solutions, LLC representative.

USE RESTRICTIONS x For Crop Uses: Do NOT apply more than 1.5 pints (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of this product per acre per application. x For Non-Cropland Uses: Unless otherwise noted for a specific non-cropland use, Do NOT apply more than 2.4 pints (0.5 lb. AE 2,4-D, 0.5 lb. AE bromoxynil, 0.2 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of this product per acre per year. x When applying this product, do not contaminate water used for domestic purposes or irrigation ditches. x Do not allow spray drift to come in contact with or apply this product directly to susceptible broadleaf plants or broadleaf crops, including but not limited to the following: alfalfa, canola, cotton, edible beans, grapes, lentils, lettuce, mustard, peas, potatoes, radishes, soybeans, sugar beets, sunflowers, tobacco or tomatoes. x 2,4-D esters may volatize during conditions of low humidity and high temperatures. Do not apply during conditions of low humidity and high temperatures. x Do not apply this product through any type of irritation system (i.e., chemigation). x A 30 day Plant Back Interval (PBI) is required for all crops listed on this label or Federally approved supplemental labeling. A 120 day PBI is required for all other crops not listed on the label.

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x Only apply this product if the wind direction favors on-target deposition and there are not sensitive areas (including, but not limited to, residential areas, bodies of water, known habitat for non-target species, non-target crops) within 250 feet downwind. x Aerial application to fallowland is prohibited within 250 feet of residential areas (e.g., homes, schools, playgrounds, shopping areas, hospitals, etc.). x In non-cropland areas (including rights-of-way), this product may be applied aerially only by helicopter. Do NOT apply this product to non-cropland areas using fixed-wing aircraft. x Handlers must use closed mixing loading systems during mixing/loading liquids for aerial applications to fallow land and high-acreage field crops. x Do not apply with backpack or hand-held application equipment. x Do not apply to playgrounds, schoolyards, or other residential turfgrass areas, including golf courses, putting greens, or tees. x Do not use this product on sod farms. x Holding time restriction: This product is persistent and may be present in plant materials for over 30 days after application. Do not use treated plant material or manure from animals that have grazed or consumed forage from treated areas for compost, mulch, or mushroom spawn until 30 days after application. x Livestock cleanout period: Animals that have been fed fluroxypyr treated forage must be fed forage free of fluroxypyr for at least 3 days before they are moved off the treated property.

MANDATORY SPRAY DRIFT MANAGEMENT Ground Boom Applications x User must only apply with the release height recommended by the manufacturer, but no more than 4 feet above the ground or crop canopy. x Do not apply when wind speeds exceed 10 miles per hour at the application site. x Do not apply during temperature inversions. x Apply only as a Medium or coarser spray (ASABE S572.1) or a volume median diameter of 300 microns or greater for spinning atomizer nozzles. x If applying a Medium spray, leave one swath unsprayed at the downwind edge of the treated field.

Aerial Applications x Do not release spray at a height greater than 10 ft above the ground or vegetative canopy unless a greater application height is necessary for pilot safety. x Applicators must use one swath displacement upwind at the downwind edge of the field. x Do not apply when wind speeds exceed 10 miles per hour at the application site. x Apply only as a Medium or coarser spray (ASABE S572.1) or a volume median diameter of 300 microns or greater for spinning atomizer nozzles. x The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 75% of the length of the wingspan or 90% of the rotor diameter. x Do not apply during temperature inversions.

SPRAY DRIFT ADVISORIES THE APPLICATOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR AVOIDING OFF-SITE SPRAY DRIFT. BE AWARE OF NEARBY NON-TARGET SITES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.

IMPORTANCE OF DROPLET SIZE An effective way to reduce spray drift is to apply large droplets. Use the largest droplets that provide target pest control. While applying larger droplets will reduce spray drift, the potential for drift will be greater if applications are made improperly or under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Controlling Droplet Size – Ground Boom • Volume - Increasing the spray volume so that larger droplets are produced will reduce spray drift. Use the highest practical spray volume for the application. If a greater spray volume is needed, consider using a nozzle with a higher flow rate.

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• Pressure - Use the lowest spray pressure recommended for the nozzle to produce the target spray volume and droplet size.

• Spray Nozzle - Use a spray nozzle that is designed for the intended application. Consider using nozzles designed to reduce drift.

Controlling Droplet Size – Aircraft • Adjust Nozzles - Follow nozzle manufacturers’ recommendations for setting up nozzles. Generally, to reduce fine droplets, nozzles should be oriented parallel with the airflow in flight.

BOOM HEIGHT – Ground Boom For ground equipment, the boom should remain level with the crop and have minimal bounce.

RELEASE HEIGHT - Aircraft Higher release heights increase the potential for spray drift.

SHIELDED SPRAYERS Shielding the boom or individual nozzles can reduce spray drift. Consider using shielded sprayers. Verify that the shields are not interfering with the uniform deposition of the spray on the target area.

Boomless Ground Applications Setting nozzles at the lowest effective height will help to reduce the potential for spray drift.

Handheld Technology Applications Take precautions to minimize spray drift.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY When making applications in hot and dry conditions, use larger droplets to reduce effects of evaporation.

TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS Drift potential is high during a temperature inversion. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperature with altitude and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. The presence of an inversion can be indicated by ground fog or by the movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical air mixing.

WIND Drift potential generally increases with wind speed. AVOID APPLICATIONS DURING GUSTY WIND CONDITIONS. Applicators need to be familiar with local wind patterns and terrain that could affect spray drift.

MIXING INSTRUCTIONS This product may be tank mixed with other products at specified rates as long as tank mixing is not prohibited by the label(s) of the tank mix partner products, or as otherwise noted within the specific crop use directions for this product, and the tank mix partner products are labeled for the timing and method of application for the use site to be treated. If compatibility with another product is not known, perform a (jar) test to determine compatibility (see below).

This product can be mixed with some liquid fertilizers or liquid iron materials. Because liquid fertilizers and liquid iron differ in pH, free ammonia content, density, salt concentration and percentage of water, a compatibility test (see below) is recommended prior to mixing in the application equipment. All regulations, either State or Federal, relating to the application of liquid fertilizers or liquid iron and this product must be strictly followed.

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Tank Mixing Precautions x Follow all applicable directions, restrictions and precautions that appear on the respective tank mix product labels. x Do not exceed specified application rates. Do NOT tank mix with other pesticide products that contain the same active ingredient as this product unless the label of either mix partner specifies the maximum dosages that may be applied. x Prior to final use, perform a (jar) test to verify the compatibility of tank mix partner products (see below).

Tank Mix Compatibility (Jar) Test The following jar test is recommended prior to tank mixing to ensure the compatibility of this product with other tank mix partner products:

1. Mix the desired tank mix ingredients in their relative proportions in a clear glass quart jar with lid.
2. Invert the jar containing the mixture several times and observe the mixture for approximately 1/2 hour.
3. If the mixture balls-up, forms flakes, sludges, gels, oily films or layers, or other precipitates, it is not compatible and the tank mix combinations should not be used.

Tank Mixing Instructions Note: When adding ingredients to the mixture, allow time for each ingredient to be thoroughly mixed before adding the next.

1. Fill spray tank with water equal to 1/4 to 1/3 of the required spray volume and start agitation.
2. Maintain agitation continuously during mixing, final filling and while applying.
3. Add different formulation types in the following order, being certain to allow sufficient time for each product to completely mix and disperse after addition. Kochiavore is an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation. a) dry flowables b) wettable powders c) aqueous suspensions d) flowables or liquids
4. Maintain agitation and fill spry tank to 3/4 of total spray volume and then add this product, other emulsifiable concentrates and any solutions.
5. Finish filling the spray tank.

While spraying, the tank mix ingredients may settle out of suspension if agitation is stopped before the spray tank is empty. The settled materials must be resuspended before any spraying is resumed. Note that settled material may be more difficult to resuspend than when originally mixed.

APPLICATION TIMING Only weeds that have emerged at the time of application will be controlled, therefore, be certain to apply to actively growing weeds. Weed control may be reduced and the risk of crop injury (at all stages of growth) may increase if extreme growing conditions (such as drought or near-freezing temperatures) occur prior to, at, or following application. Control may be decreased if target plant foliage is wet at the time of application. Applications of this product are rainfast within 1 hour after application.

Effect of Temperature on Herbicidal Activity The herbicidal activity of this product is influenced by weather conditions. Optimum herbicidal activity requires active plant growth and temperatures between 55°F to 75°F. Reduced efficacy will occur when temperatures are below 45°F or above 85°F. Weed control and crop tolerance may be reduced if frost occurs before or shortly after application (3 days).

SPRAY COVERAGE Use sufficient spray volume to provide thorough coverage and a uniform spray pattern. For best results (and to minimize spray drift), apply in a spray volume of 8 gallons or more per acre by ground and 3 or more gallons of total spray volume per acre by air. Spray volume should be increased as weed density and vegetative canopy increase in order to obtain equivalent weed control; however, do not exceed 40 gallons

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per acre total spray volume. Rather than increasing boom pressure, decrease spraying speed or use larger nozzle tips to increase spray volume.

Use only nozzle types and spray equipment designed for herbicide application. To reduce spray drift, be certain to follow the precautions under the heading, “Spray Drift Management”.

Adjuvants Unless otherwise noted within the specific crop and non-cropland use directions, a high-quality adjuvant may be used to improve weed control. An adjuvant can optimize herbicidal activity when applications are made at lower carrier volumes, under conditions of cool temperature, low relative humidity or drought, or to small, heavily pubescent kochia. When an adjuvant is to be used with this product, Winfield Solutions, LLC recommends the use of a Council of Producers & Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA) certified adjuvant.

Spot Treatments Only apply using a calibrated boom sprayer using the directions below. Application rates in the table below are based on an area of 1,000 square feet.

Do not apply with backpack or hand-held application equipment.

Mix the amount of this product (fluid ounces or ml) corresponding to the desired broadcast rate in one or more gallons of spray. To calculate the amount of this product required for larger areas, multiply the table value (fluid ounces or ml) by the area to be treated in “thousands” of square feet. An area of 1,000 square feet is approximately 10.5 X 10.5 yards (strides) in size.

For example: If the area to be treated is 3,500 square feet, multiply the table value by 3.5 (calc. 3,500 ÷ 1,000 + 3.5).

Broadcast Rate Conversion Table for Spot Treatments Broadcast Rate (Pints per Acre) Kochiavore per Gallon (Fluid Ounces (ml)) 1 (0.21 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.21 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.08 AE fluroxypyr) 0.37 (10.9) 1-1/2 (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) 0.55 (16.3) 2-2/5 (Non-Cropland Use Only) (0.5 lb. AE 2,4-D, 0.5 lb. AE bromoxynil and 0.2 lb. AE fluroxypyr) 0.88 (26.1)

APPLICATION RATES In general, the application rates at the lower end of the specified rate range will be efficacious when applied to susceptible weed species with young, succulent growth. Use the higher rates within the rate range when applying to less sensitive species, perennials, and under conditions where control is more difficult (e.g., when plants are stressed due to drought or extreme temperatures, in dense weed stands and/or the weeds are larger). The higher rates will also be needed to control or suppress weeds in areas where competition from crops is not present (e.g., fallowland).

SPRAYER CLEANUP To avoid injury to desirable plants, before applying other chemicals with the equipment used to apply this product, all equipment must be thoroughly cleaned.

1. After applying this product, flush and rinse application equipment with water thoroughly, disposing of the water according to the disposal instructions in this label. All rinse water must be disposed of in compliance with local, state and federal guidelines.
2. Hose down the interior surfaces of the tank, flushing the tank, hoses, boom and nozzles with clean water for 10 minutes.
3. Fill the tank with water and recirculate for 15 minutes.
4. Spray part of the mixture through the hoses, boom and nozzles and drain the tank.
5. Remove the nozzles and screens and clean separately.

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6. If the spray equipment will be used on crops other than those labeled for this product, repeat steps 1 and 2 and thoroughly wash the outside of spray tank and the boom.

APPLICATION INFORMATION Broadleaf Weeds Controlled or Suppressed Arrowhead Bedstraw (cleavers) Bindweed, field† Bindweed, hedge Buckwheat, wild Canola, volunteer Chickweed Clover, white Cocklebur Cockle, cow Coffeeweed Devilsclaw

Fiddleneck Flax, volunteer Frenchweed Goatsbeard Gumweed Hemp dogbane Horsetail, field † Horseweed (marestail) Jimsonweed Knotweed Kochia 1 Lambsquarter Mallow, common† Mallow, venice Marshelder Morningglory Mustard spp.

Nightshade spp†. Pennycress, field Pigweed spp. Plantain Potato, volunteer† Prickly lettuce Prickly pear cactus Puncturevine Purslane, common Ragweed, common Smartweed, annual Sunflower Thistle, Russian Velvetleaf

†Indicates Suppression Only - Suppression is a reduction in weed competition (reduction is population or vigor) as compared to untreated areas. The degree of weed control and duration of effect may vary with weed size, density, application rate, coverage, and growing conditions before, during and after treatment.

1Includes biotypes that are herbicide-resistant or tolerant. Weeds germinating after spraying will not be controlled.

Management of Kochia Biotypes Research indicates many biotypes of kochia may occur within a single field and while kochia biotypes can vary in their susceptibility to this product, in general all biotypes will be suppressed or controlled at the labeled rate of 1 to 1-1/2 pints per acre. A shift to more tolerant biotypes within a field may occur if this product is applied at rates lower than specified.

Practices for Resistance Management Extensive populations of dicamba -tolerant kochia have been identified in certain small grain and corn production regions (such as Chouteau, Fergus, Liberty, Toole, and Treasure counties in the state of Montana). For optimal control of dicamba-tolerant kochia in these counties, apply this product at the rate of 1-1/2 pints per acre.

To minimize selection pressure and preserve the utility of this product for control of dicamba-tolerant kochia biotypes, this product should be rotated with products that do not contain dicamba.

CROP USES CROP KOCHIAVORE APPLICATION RATE DIRECTIONS BARLEY WHEAT 1 to 1-1/2 pints per acre POSTEMERGENT APPLICATION: Apply from the 4-leaf (Zadoks 14) to emergence of the flag leaf (Zadoks 37). Use the higher rates when weeds are less susceptible or for heavy weed populations. To avoid injury, do not use with atrazine, crop oils or other adjuvants, such as non-ionic surfactants. Restrictions and limitations for barley and wheat: x Do NOT harvest treated forage or allow livestock to graze treated areas within 45 days of application. x Do NOT feed treated straw to livestock.

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x The risk of crop injury at all stages of growth and poor weed control is increased if the application is made and extreme growing conditions (such as drought or near freezing temperatures) occur prior to, at, and following the application. Reduced weed control may also occur during these conditions. x Do NOT apply when crop canopy covers the weeds as poor control will result. x Preharvest Interval (PHI): Do NOT apply within 40 days prior to harvesting grain and straw or within 14 days prior to cutting hay. x Make no more than one postemergence application per growing season at a maximum of 1.5 pints (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) per acre per application, up to flag leaf emergence stage. x Do NOT spray plants beyond the flag leaf emergence stage. x Do NOT apply more than 1.5 pints of this product per acre per application. x Do NOT apply more than 2.4 pints (0.5 lb. AE 2,4-D, 0.5 lb. AE bromoxynil, 0.2 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of this product per acre per year. FIELD CORN 1 to 1-1/2 pints per acre PREPLANT APPLICATION: Apply prior to planting. Delay planting for a minimum of 7 days after application. Planting sooner may result in unacceptable crop injury. Do not perform tillage for at least 7 days after application. Do not use on sandy soils or unacceptable crop injury may result. 1 to 1-1/2 pints per acre PREEMERGENCE and REDUCED TILLAGE APPLICATION: Make applications after corn is planted but before emergence to control emerged broadleaf weeds. Use the higher rates when weeds are less susceptible or for heavy weed populations. The seed furrow must be completely closed at application or severe crop injury may result. Do not use on sandy soils or unacceptable crop injury may result. 1 to 1-1/2 pints per acre POSTEMERGENT APPLICATION: Apply to field corn as a broadcast or band treatment from the V3 to the V5 growth stages. Application prior to the V3 growth stage may result in increased crop leaf burn. Apply with drop nozzles and directed spray only from the V6 growth stage. DO NOT apply from 2 weeks before tasseling to dough stage.

To avoid crop injury, do not use with atrazine, crop oils or other adjuvants, such as non-ionic surfactants. Application during high moisture and temperature conditions may cause crop injury or brittleness. DO NOT cultivate for a week to 10 days after treatment or stalk breakage may occur. Do not use on sandy soils or unacceptable crop injury may result. Restrictions and limitations for field corn: x Do not cut treated crop for feed or fodder or graze for 47 for days following application. x Do not harvest within 90 days of application. x Seed corn producers should consult the respective seed corn company regarding tolerance of certain seed production inbred lines to bromoxynil octanoate. x Maximum application of 3.0 pints (0.62 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.62 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.26 lb. AE fluroxypyr) per acre per year.

Preplant or preemergence: x Limited to one preplant or preemergence application per year. x Maximum rate of application: 1.5 pints (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) per acre.

Postemergence: x Limited to one postemergence application per year. x Maximum rate of application: 1.5 pints (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) per acre.

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SORGHUM, GRAIN AND FORAGE

1 to 1-1/2 pints per acre Apply to sorghum from the V4 but prior to the pre-boot stage. Use drop nozzles and directed spray only from the V8 to the pre-boot stage. To reduce the potential for crop injury, drop nozzles should direct the spray toward the soil surface, to avoid spray contact with grain sorghum foliage. Do not apply during the boot, flowering or early dough stages.

The higher rate may be needed for some weeds, such as perennials or for heavy weed populations, but chances of crop injury may increase. To avoid injury, do not use with atrazine, crop oils or other adjuvants, such as non-ionic surfactants.

Some sorghum varieties and hybrids are 2,4-D sensitive. Crop injury may also be increased by h igh moisture and temperature conditions. Contact your seed company or Extension Service for advice. Restrictions and limitations for sorghum: x Do not harvest within 70 days of application. x Do not permit meat or dairy animals to consume treated crop as fodder or forage or graze for 45 for days following application. x Limited to 1 application per year. x Maximum of 1.5 pints (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) per acre per application.

NON CROP USES (Non-Residential Sites Only) NON-CROP AREA KOCHIAVORE APPLICATION RATE DIRECTIONS RIGHTS-OF-WAY, ROADSIDES, INDUSTRIAL SITES, FENCE ROWS, NON-IRRIGATION DITCHBANKS, NON-RESIDENTIAL TURFGRASS AREAS 1-1/4 to 2-2/5 Pints per Acre Mix with an adequate amount of water to thoroughly saturate all weeds with spray mixture. This may require a spray volume of 50 to 300 gallons of water per acre. Apply any time between the time when plants come into full leaf (spring) to when the plants begin to go dormant. Best results are obtained when weeds are young and actively growing. Do not cut weeds until herbicide has translocated throughout the plant causing root death. For small broadleaf weeds, use the lower rate. Heavy, dense stands require the higher rate with high water volume.

Use a high surfactant crop oil concentrate such as Superb® HC, a high surfactant methylated seed oil such as Destiny ® HC or another crop oil for improved performance.

Restrictions and limitations: x Maximum of 2.4 pints (0.5 lb. AE 2,4-D, 0.5 lb. AE bromoxynil, 0.2 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of product per acre per year. x Limited to 1 application per year. x Do not allow livestock to graze in treated areas or feed treated plant material to livestock. x Do not use this product on sod farms x Applications to non-cropland areas are not applicable to treatment of commercial timber or other plants being grown for sale or other commercial use, or for commercial seed production, or for research purposes.

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CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM (CRP) LAND

1-1/4 to 2-2/5 Pints per Acre This product may be used for Conservation Reserve Programs (CRP), weed and brush control or in State Recognized Noxious Weed area (noncropland areas). Refer to “Weeds Controlled” section for list of susceptible species. For areas underseeded with alfalfa, do not apply more than 1.5 pints per acre per year.

Some weed species require tank mixes for adequate control. Use a high surfactant crop oil concentrate such as Superb HC, a high surfactant methylated seed oil such as Destiny

HC or another crop oil for improved performance. Restrictions and Limitations: x Maximum of 2.4 pints (0.5 lb. AE 2,4-D, 0.5 lb. AE bromoxynil, 0.2 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of product per acre per year. Limited to 1 application per year. x Do not apply more than 1.5 pints (0.31 lb. AE 2,4-D; 0.31 lb. AE bromoxynil; 0.13 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of product per acre per year to CRP areas that are underseeded with alfalfa. x Do not add spray adjuvants or fluid fertilizers when applying to CRP areas planted with alfalfa or other legumes. x Consult the Conservation Reserve Program rules for CRP uses. The more restrictive requirements of the program rules or this label must be followed. x Do not allow livestock to graze in treated areas or feed treated plant material to livestock.

FALLOWLAND 1-1/4 to 2-2/5 Pints per Acre Unless otherwise specified below, apply when broadleaf weeds are up to the 8-leaf stage, 4 inches in height or 2 inches in diameter, whichever comes first. Apply to grasses from the 3-leaf stage. Use the higher application rate for less susceptible weeds.

Use a high surfactant crop oil concentrate such as Superb HC, a high surfactant methylated seed oil such as Destiny HC or another crop oil for improved performance.

Kochia seedlings less than 4 inches tall (including ALS resistant biotypes) will be controlled using the 1.25 pint per acre rate. However, when conditions for control are less favorable, such as under drought or cool temperature, a rate of 1.5 pints per acre will provide more consistent control of kochia seedlings 1 to 4 inches tall. For more consistent control of small kochia, apply when the plants are at least 1 inch tall. A rate of 1.5 pints per acre should be used for optimal control of dicamba tolerant kochia populations (refer to the “Management of Kochia Biotypes” in the “Application Information” section above). Restrictions and Limitations: x Do not allow livestock to graze in treated areas or feed treated grass to livestock. x Limited to two applications per year. x Minimum of 30 days between applications. x Do not apply more than 2.4 pints (0.5 lb. AE 2,4-D, 0.5 lb. AE bromoxynil, 0.2 lb. AE fluroxypyr) of this product per acre per year.

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STORAGE AND DISPOSAL Prohibitions Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. Pesticide Handling Store in original containers only. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not store near food or feed. In case of spill or leak on floor or paved surfaces, soak up with sand, earth, or synthetic absorbent. Remove to chemical waste area. DO NOT ALLOW PRODUCT TO FREEZE. Pesticide Disposal Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Container Disposal: Use label language appropriate for container size and type. Nonrefillable containers. Do not reuse or refill this container. Clean container promptly after emptying. Nonrefillable container equal to or less than 5 gallons. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container ¼ full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. Nonrefillable container greater than 5 gallons. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank. Fill the container ¼ full with water. Replace and tighten closures. Tip container on its side and roll it back and forth, ensuring at least one complete revolution, for 30 seconds. Stand the container on its end and tip it back and forth several times. Turn the container over onto its other end and tip it back and forth several times. Empty the rinsate into application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or dispos al. Repeat this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. Refillable container. Refill this container with pesticide only. Do not reuse this container for any other purpose. Cleaning the container before final disposal is the responsibility of the person disposing of the container. Cleaning before refilling is the responsibility of the refiller. To clean the container before final disposal, empty the remaining contents from this container into application equipment or mix tank. Fill the container about 10 percent full with water. Agitate vigorously or recirculate water with the pump for 2 minutes. Pour or pump rinsate into application equipment or rinsate collection system. Repeat this rinsing procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke.

FOR CHEMICAL EMERGENCY: Spill, leak, fire, exposure or accident, call CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300.

WARRANTY DISCLAIMER The directions for use of this product must be followed carefully. TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, (1) THE GOODS DELIVERED TO YOU ARE FURNISHED “AS IS” BY MANUFACTURER OR SELLER AND (2) MANUFACTURER AND SELLER MAKE NO WARRANTIES, GUARANTEES, OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND TO BUYER OR USER, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OR BY USAGE OF TRADE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, WITH REGARD TO THE PRODUCT SOLD, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITE D TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, USE, OR ELIGIBILITY OF THE PRODUCT FOR ANY PARTICULAR TRADE USAGE. UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INEFFECTIVENESS, MAY RESULT BECAUSE OF SUCH FACTORS AS THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF OTHER

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MATERIALS USED IN COMBINATION WITH THE GOODS, OR THE MANNER OF USE OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING WEATHER, ALL OF WHICH ARE BEYOND THE CONTROL OF MANUFACTURER OR SELLER AND ASSUMED BY BUYER OR USER. THIS WRITING CONTAINS ALL OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND AGREEMENTS BETWEEN BUYER, MANUFACTURER AND SELLER, AND NO PERSON OR AGENT OF MANUFACTURER OR SELLER HAS ANY AUTHORITY TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OR AGREEMENT RELATING IN ANY WAY TO THESE GOODS.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL MANUFACTURER OR SELLER BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL , OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR DAMAGES IN THE NATURE OF PENALTIES RELATING TO THE GOODS SOLD, INCLUDING USE, APPLICATION, HANDLING, AND DISPOSAL. TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, MANUFACTURER OR SELLER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR USER BY WAY OF INDEMNIFICATION TO BUYER OR TO CUSTOMERS OF BUYER, IF ANY, OR FOR ANY DAMAGES OR SUMS OF MONEY, CLAIMS OR DEMANDS WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM OR BY REASON OF, OR RISING OUT OF THE MISUSE, OR FAILURE TO FOLLOW LABEL WARNINGS OR INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE, OF THE GOODS SOLD BY MANUFACTURER OR SELLER TO BUYER. ALL SUCH RISKS SHALL BE ASSUMED BY THE BUYER, USER, OR ITS CUSTOMERS. BUYER’S OR USER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY, AND MANUFACTURER’S OR SELLER’S TOTAL LIABILITY SHALL BE FOR DAMAGES NOT EXCEEDING THE COST OF THE PRODUCT.

If you do not agree with or do not accept any of directions for use, the warranty disclaimers, or limitations on liability, do not use the product, and return it unopened to the Seller, and the purchase price will be refunded.

Destiny ® Kochiavore®, and Superb® are registered trademarks of Winfield Solutions, LLC.