Fix #214: ChangeProposal (propose-then-confirm)

Implements non-negotiable #1: the AI assistant never writes autonomously. Every
assistant/contributor "write" emits a ChangeProposal — a structured diff a human
approves, edits, or rejects. Design: docs/design/change-proposal.md.

Structural guarantee: a proposal's operations reach the DB ONLY via
change_proposal_service.apply(), which requires the actor be an editor and
dispatches each op through the normal editing services (person/name/event/
relationship/source/citation create/update/delete) — so every change passes the
privacy engine and is audited as the approving human. propose() only inserts a
pending row; it performs no domain mutation. Model providers stay read-only, so
no model response can mutate tree data.

- ChangeProposal model + migration (status pending|applied|rejected, origin
  assistant|contributor, JSONB operations, reviewer + apply_error).
- Service: propose / list / get / apply (with optional edited ops) / reject /
  delete; a dispatcher mapping ops → editing services. v1 applies ops in order,
  not cross-op transactional (single-op is atomic; documented).
- API /trees/{id}/proposals + a frontend review page (approve/reject; editor-
  gated) and sidebar entry.

Tests: proposal doesn't apply until approved; reject doesn't apply; non-editor
member can see but not apply; multi-op; approve-with-edits; apply-error keeps it
pending. Full suite 87 passed; single alembic head.

Closes #214

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Justin Paul <justin@jpaul.me>

backend/app/api/v1/__init__.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from app.api.v1 import (
     members,
     names,
     persons,
+    proposals,
     public,
     relationships,
     sources,
@@ -34,3 +35,4 @@ api_router.include_router(gedcom.router)
 api_router.include_router(cleanup.router)
 api_router.include_router(public.router)
 api_router.include_router(members.router)
+api_router.include_router(proposals.router)

backend/app/api/v1/proposals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Change-proposal endpoints: list / create / get / apply / reject / delete.
+
+Applying a proposal is the only way its operations reach the database, and only
+an editor can do it (enforced in the service). See docs/design/change-proposal.md.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, status
+
+from app.api.deps import CurrentUser, SessionDep
+from app.models.enums import ChangeProposalStatus
+from app.schemas.change_proposal import (
+    ChangeProposalCreate,
+    ChangeProposalRead,
+    ProposalReview,
+)
+from app.services import change_proposal_service, tree_service
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/trees", tags=["proposals"])
+
+
+@router.get("/{tree_id}/proposals", response_model=list[ChangeProposalRead])
+async def list_proposals(
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID,
+    session: SessionDep,
+    current: CurrentUser,
+    status: ChangeProposalStatus | None = None,
+) -> list[ChangeProposalRead]:
+    tree = await tree_service.get_tree(session, viewer_id=current.id, tree_id=tree_id)
+    rows = await change_proposal_service.list_proposals(
+        session, viewer_id=current.id, tree=tree, status=status
+    )
+    return [ChangeProposalRead.model_validate(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/{tree_id}/proposals", response_model=ChangeProposalRead, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED
+)
+async def create_proposal(
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID, data: ChangeProposalCreate, session: SessionDep, current: CurrentUser
+) -> ChangeProposalRead:
+    tree = await tree_service.get_tree(session, viewer_id=current.id, tree_id=tree_id)
+    operations = [op.model_dump(mode="json") for op in data.operations]
+    cp = await change_proposal_service.propose(
+        session,
+        tree=tree,
+        origin=data.origin,
+        created_by=current.id,
+        summary=data.summary,
+        rationale=data.rationale,
+        operations=operations,
+    )
+    return ChangeProposalRead.model_validate(cp)
+
+
+@router.get("/{tree_id}/proposals/{proposal_id}", response_model=ChangeProposalRead)
+async def get_proposal(
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID, proposal_id: uuid.UUID, session: SessionDep, current: CurrentUser
+) -> ChangeProposalRead:
+    tree = await tree_service.get_tree(session, viewer_id=current.id, tree_id=tree_id)
+    cp = await change_proposal_service.get_proposal(
+        session, viewer_id=current.id, tree=tree, proposal_id=proposal_id
+    )
+    return ChangeProposalRead.model_validate(cp)
+
+
+@router.post("/{tree_id}/proposals/{proposal_id}/apply", response_model=ChangeProposalRead)
+async def apply_proposal(
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID,
+    proposal_id: uuid.UUID,
+    session: SessionDep,
+    current: CurrentUser,
+    data: ProposalReview | None = None,
+) -> ChangeProposalRead:
+    tree = await tree_service.get_tree(session, viewer_id=current.id, tree_id=tree_id)
+    edited = (
+        [op.model_dump(mode="json") for op in data.operations]
+        if data and data.operations is not None
+        else None
+    )
+    cp = await change_proposal_service.apply(
+        session, actor=current, tree=tree, proposal_id=proposal_id, edited_operations=edited
+    )
+    return ChangeProposalRead.model_validate(cp)
+
+
+@router.post("/{tree_id}/proposals/{proposal_id}/reject", response_model=ChangeProposalRead)
+async def reject_proposal(
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID,
+    proposal_id: uuid.UUID,
+    session: SessionDep,
+    current: CurrentUser,
+    data: ProposalReview | None = None,
+) -> ChangeProposalRead:
+    tree = await tree_service.get_tree(session, viewer_id=current.id, tree_id=tree_id)
+    cp = await change_proposal_service.reject(
+        session,
+        actor=current,
+        tree=tree,
+        proposal_id=proposal_id,
+        note=data.note if data else None,
+    )
+    return ChangeProposalRead.model_validate(cp)
+
+
+@router.delete(
+    "/{tree_id}/proposals/{proposal_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
+)
+async def delete_proposal(
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID, proposal_id: uuid.UUID, session: SessionDep, current: CurrentUser
+) -> None:
+    tree = await tree_service.get_tree(session, viewer_id=current.id, tree_id=tree_id)
+    await change_proposal_service.delete_proposal(
+        session, actor=current, tree=tree, proposal_id=proposal_id
+    )

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ and for ``create_all`` in tests."""
 from app.models.audit import AuditEntry
 from app.models.auth import Session, UserToken
 from app.models.base import Base
+from app.models.change_proposal import ChangeProposal
 from app.models.event import Event
 from app.models.media import Media
 from app.models.person import Name, Person
@@ -30,4 +31,5 @@ __all__ = [
     "Session",
     "UserToken",
     "Media",
+    "ChangeProposal",
 ]

backend/app/models/change_proposal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""ChangeProposal — a structured diff the AI assistant (or an untrusted
+contributor) proposes, which a human approves/edits/rejects. Applying it routes
+each operation through the normal editing services, so the change passes the
+privacy engine and is audited as the approving human's action. See
+docs/design/change-proposal.md and CLAUDE.md non-negotiable #1.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, String, Text
+from sqlalchemy import Enum as SAEnum
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.models.base import Base
+from app.models.enums import ChangeProposalOrigin, ChangeProposalStatus
+from app.models.mixins import SoftDelete, TenantScoped, Timestamps, UUIDPrimaryKey
+
+
+class ChangeProposal(Base, UUIDPrimaryKey, TenantScoped, Timestamps, SoftDelete):
+    __tablename__ = "change_proposals"
+
+    status: Mapped[ChangeProposalStatus] = mapped_column(
+        SAEnum(ChangeProposalStatus, name="change_proposal_status"),
+        default=ChangeProposalStatus.pending,
+        server_default=ChangeProposalStatus.pending.value,
+        index=True,
+    )
+    origin: Mapped[ChangeProposalOrigin] = mapped_column(
+        SAEnum(ChangeProposalOrigin, name="change_proposal_origin"),
+        default=ChangeProposalOrigin.assistant,
+        server_default=ChangeProposalOrigin.assistant.value,
+    )
+    created_by_user_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL")
+    )
+    summary: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(512))
+    rationale: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    # The structured diff: a list of {op, entity_type, entity_id?, payload} dicts.
+    operations: Mapped[list] = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=False)
+
+    reviewed_by_user_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL")
+    )
+    reviewed_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    review_note: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(512))
+    apply_error: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)

backend/app/models/enums.py

@@ -61,3 +61,14 @@ class AuditActorType(enum.StrEnum):
 class TokenPurpose(enum.StrEnum):
     email_verify = "email_verify"
     password_reset = "password_reset"
+
+
+class ChangeProposalStatus(enum.StrEnum):
+    pending = "pending"
+    applied = "applied"
+    rejected = "rejected"
+
+
+class ChangeProposalOrigin(enum.StrEnum):
+    assistant = "assistant"  # the AI assistant, acting on behalf of a user
+    contributor = "contributor"  # an untrusted human edit awaiting moderation

backend/app/schemas/change_proposal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+from app.models.enums import ChangeProposalOrigin, ChangeProposalStatus
+
+
+class ProposalOperation(BaseModel):
+    op: str  # create | update | delete
+    entity_type: str  # person | name | event | relationship | source | citation
+    entity_id: uuid.UUID | None = None
+    payload: dict = {}
+
+
+class ChangeProposalCreate(BaseModel):
+    summary: str
+    rationale: str | None = None
+    origin: ChangeProposalOrigin = ChangeProposalOrigin.contributor
+    operations: list[ProposalOperation]
+
+
+class ProposalReview(BaseModel):
+    note: str | None = None
+    # Optional edited operations to apply instead of the original (approve-with-edits).
+    operations: list[ProposalOperation] | None = None
+
+
+class ChangeProposalRead(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    tree_id: uuid.UUID
+    status: ChangeProposalStatus
+    origin: ChangeProposalOrigin
+    created_by_user_id: uuid.UUID | None
+    summary: str
+    rationale: str | None
+    operations: list
+    reviewed_by_user_id: uuid.UUID | None
+    reviewed_at: datetime | None
+    review_note: str | None
+    apply_error: str | None
+    created_at: datetime

backend/app/services/change_proposal_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+"""ChangeProposal lifecycle: propose (assistant/contributor) → review → apply/reject.
+
+The structural guarantee (CLAUDE.md #1): a proposal's operations are executed
+ONLY by ``apply()``, which requires the actor be an editor and dispatches every
+op through the normal editing services — so each change passes the privacy
+engine and is audited as the approving human. ``propose()`` only inserts a
+pending row; it performs no domain mutation. See docs/design/change-proposal.md.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.change_proposal import ChangeProposal
+from app.models.enums import (
+    ChangeProposalOrigin,
+    ChangeProposalStatus,
+    CitationConfidence,
+    ParentChildQualifier,
+    RelationshipType,
+)
+from app.models.tree import Tree
+from app.models.user import User
+from app.services import (
+    citation_service,
+    event_service,
+    name_service,
+    person_service,
+    privacy,
+    relationship_service,
+    source_service,
+)
+from app.services.exceptions import Conflict, Forbidden, NotFound
+
+
+def _now() -> datetime:
+    return datetime.now(UTC)
+
+
+def _uuid(v) -> uuid.UUID | None:
+    return uuid.UUID(str(v)) if v else None
+
+
+async def _require_editor(session: AsyncSession, *, actor: User, tree: Tree) -> None:
+    if not await privacy.can_edit_tree(session, user_id=actor.id, tree=tree):
+        raise Forbidden("not an editor of this tree")
+
+
+async def _require_member(session: AsyncSession, *, viewer_id: uuid.UUID, tree: Tree) -> None:
+    # Proposals can reference unredacted facts → members only.
+    if await privacy.get_membership_role(session, viewer_id, tree.id) is None:
+        raise Forbidden("only members can see change proposals")
+
+
+async def _load(
+    session: AsyncSession, tree: Tree, proposal_id: uuid.UUID
+) -> ChangeProposal:
+    cp = (
+        await session.execute(
+            select(ChangeProposal).where(
+                ChangeProposal.id == proposal_id,
+                ChangeProposal.tree_id == tree.id,
+                ChangeProposal.deleted_at.is_(None),
+            )
+        )
+    ).scalar_one_or_none()
+    if cp is None:
+        raise NotFound("proposal not found")
+    return cp
+
+
+async def propose(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    *,
+    tree: Tree,
+    origin: ChangeProposalOrigin,
+    created_by: uuid.UUID | None,
+    summary: str,
+    rationale: str | None,
+    operations: list[dict],
+) -> ChangeProposal:
+    """Insert a pending proposal. The ONLY mutation here is the proposal row — no
+    tree data changes. (No edit-rights check: proposing isn't writing.)"""
+    cp = ChangeProposal(
+        tree_id=tree.id,
+        origin=origin,
+        created_by_user_id=created_by,
+        summary=summary,
+        rationale=rationale,
+        operations=operations,
+        status=ChangeProposalStatus.pending,
+    )
+    session.add(cp)
+    await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(cp)
+    return cp
+
+
+async def list_proposals(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    *,
+    viewer_id: uuid.UUID,
+    tree: Tree,
+    status: ChangeProposalStatus | None = None,
+) -> list[ChangeProposal]:
+    await _require_member(session, viewer_id=viewer_id, tree=tree)
+    stmt = select(ChangeProposal).where(
+        ChangeProposal.tree_id == tree.id, ChangeProposal.deleted_at.is_(None)
+    )
+    if status is not None:
+        stmt = stmt.where(ChangeProposal.status == status)
+    stmt = stmt.order_by(ChangeProposal.created_at.desc())
+    return list((await session.execute(stmt)).scalars().all())
+
+
+async def get_proposal(
+    session: AsyncSession, *, viewer_id: uuid.UUID, tree: Tree, proposal_id: uuid.UUID
+) -> ChangeProposal:
+    await _require_member(session, viewer_id=viewer_id, tree=tree)
+    return await _load(session, tree, proposal_id)
+
+
+async def reject(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    *,
+    actor: User,
+    tree: Tree,
+    proposal_id: uuid.UUID,
+    note: str | None = None,
+) -> ChangeProposal:
+    await _require_editor(session, actor=actor, tree=tree)
+    cp = await _load(session, tree, proposal_id)
+    if cp.status is not ChangeProposalStatus.pending:
+        raise Conflict("proposal is not pending")
+    cp.status = ChangeProposalStatus.rejected
+    cp.reviewed_by_user_id = actor.id
+    cp.reviewed_at = _now()
+    cp.review_note = note
+    await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(cp)
+    return cp
+
+
+async def apply(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    *,
+    actor: User,
+    tree: Tree,
+    proposal_id: uuid.UUID,
+    edited_operations: list[dict] | None = None,
+) -> ChangeProposal:
+    await _require_editor(session, actor=actor, tree=tree)
+    cp = await _load(session, tree, proposal_id)
+    if cp.status is not ChangeProposalStatus.pending:
+        raise Conflict("proposal is not pending")
+    ops = edited_operations if edited_operations is not None else list(cp.operations)
+    try:
+        for op in ops:
+            await _dispatch(session, actor=actor, tree=tree, op=op)
+    except Conflict:
+        raise
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — record the failure on the proposal
+        err = f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"[:2000]
+        # The editing services raise (NotFound/Forbidden/validation) before
+        # committing, so the transaction is clean — record the error and commit.
+        # If a later op did write before failing, those ops already committed
+        # (v1 isn't cross-op transactional; see the design note).
+        cp = await _load(session, tree, proposal_id)
+        cp.apply_error = err
+        await session.commit()
+        raise Conflict(f"could not apply proposal: {err}") from exc
+    if edited_operations is not None:
+        cp.operations = edited_operations
+    cp.status = ChangeProposalStatus.applied
+    cp.reviewed_by_user_id = actor.id
+    cp.reviewed_at = _now()
+    cp.apply_error = None
+    await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(cp)
+    return cp
+
+
+async def delete_proposal(
+    session: AsyncSession, *, actor: User, tree: Tree, proposal_id: uuid.UUID
+) -> None:
+    await _require_editor(session, actor=actor, tree=tree)
+    cp = await _load(session, tree, proposal_id)
+    cp.deleted_at = _now()
+    await session.commit()
+
+
+def _bad(entity_type: str, action: str) -> Conflict:
+    return Conflict(f"unsupported operation '{action}' on '{entity_type}'")
+
+
+async def _dispatch(session: AsyncSession, *, actor: User, tree: Tree, op: dict) -> None:
+    """Route one operation through the matching editing service (privacy + audit)."""
+    et = op.get("entity_type")
+    action = op.get("op")
+    payload = op.get("payload") or {}
+    eid = op.get("entity_id")
+
+    if et == "person":
+        if action == "create":
+            await person_service.create_person(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                given=payload.get("given"),
+                surname=payload.get("surname"),
+                gender=payload.get("gender"),
+                is_living=payload.get("is_living"),
+                notes=payload.get("notes"),
+            )
+        elif action == "update":
+            await person_service.update_person(
+                session, actor=actor, tree=tree, person_id=_uuid(eid), changes=payload
+            )
+        elif action == "delete":
+            await person_service.delete_person(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                person_id=_uuid(eid),
+                cascade=bool(payload.get("cascade", False)),
+            )
+        else:
+            raise _bad(et, action)
+    elif et == "event":
+        if action == "create":
+            await event_service.create_event(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                event_type=payload["event_type"],
+                person_id=_uuid(payload.get("person_id")),
+                relationship_id=_uuid(payload.get("relationship_id")),
+                date_value=payload.get("date_value"),
+                date_precision=payload.get("date_precision"),
+                detail=payload.get("detail"),
+                notes=payload.get("notes"),
+            )
+        elif action == "update":
+            await event_service.update_event(
+                session, actor=actor, tree=tree, event_id=_uuid(eid), changes=payload
+            )
+        elif action == "delete":
+            await event_service.delete_event(
+                session, actor=actor, tree=tree, event_id=_uuid(eid)
+            )
+        else:
+            raise _bad(et, action)
+    elif et == "relationship":
+        if action == "create":
+            await relationship_service.create_relationship(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                type=RelationshipType(payload["type"]),
+                person_from_id=_uuid(payload["person_from_id"]),
+                person_to_id=_uuid(payload["person_to_id"]),
+                qualifier=ParentChildQualifier(payload["qualifier"])
+                if payload.get("qualifier")
+                else None,
+                notes=payload.get("notes"),
+            )
+        elif action == "delete":
+            await relationship_service.delete_relationship(
+                session, actor=actor, tree=tree, relationship_id=_uuid(eid)
+            )
+        else:
+            raise _bad(et, action)
+    elif et == "name":
+        if action == "create":
+            await name_service.create_name(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                person_id=_uuid(payload["person_id"]),
+                name_type=payload.get("name_type", "birth"),
+                given=payload.get("given"),
+                surname=payload.get("surname"),
+                prefix=payload.get("prefix"),
+                suffix=payload.get("suffix"),
+                nickname=payload.get("nickname"),
+                is_primary=bool(payload.get("is_primary", False)),
+            )
+        elif action == "update":
+            changes = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k != "person_id"}
+            await name_service.update_name(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                person_id=_uuid(payload["person_id"]),
+                name_id=_uuid(eid),
+                changes=changes,
+            )
+        elif action == "delete":
+            await name_service.delete_name(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                person_id=_uuid(payload["person_id"]),
+                name_id=_uuid(eid),
+            )
+        else:
+            raise _bad(et, action)
+    elif et == "source":
+        if action == "create":
+            await source_service.create_source(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                title=payload["title"],
+                author=payload.get("author"),
+                source_type=payload.get("source_type"),
+                repository=payload.get("repository"),
+                url=payload.get("url"),
+                citation_text=payload.get("citation_text"),
+                publication_info=payload.get("publication_info"),
+                quality_note=payload.get("quality_note"),
+            )
+        elif action == "delete":
+            await source_service.delete_source(
+                session, actor=actor, tree=tree, source_id=_uuid(eid)
+            )
+        else:
+            raise _bad(et, action)
+    elif et == "citation":
+        if action == "create":
+            await citation_service.create_citation(
+                session,
+                actor=actor,
+                tree=tree,
+                source_id=_uuid(payload["source_id"]),
+                person_id=_uuid(payload.get("person_id")),
+                event_id=_uuid(payload.get("event_id")),
+                name_id=_uuid(payload.get("name_id")),
+                relationship_id=_uuid(payload.get("relationship_id")),
+                page=payload.get("page"),
+                detail=payload.get("detail"),
+                confidence=CitationConfidence(payload["confidence"])
+                if payload.get("confidence")
+                else None,
+            )
+        elif action == "delete":
+            await citation_service.delete_citation(
+                session, actor=actor, tree=tree, citation_id=_uuid(eid)
+            )
+        else:
+            raise _bad(et, action)
+    else:
+        raise Conflict(f"unsupported entity type '{et}'")

backend/migrations/versions/a1b2c3d4e5f6_change_proposals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""change_proposals (AI propose-then-confirm)
+
+Revision ID: a1b2c3d4e5f6
+Revises: d4a9c1e7b2f3
+Create Date: 2026-06-09
+
+"""
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+revision: str = "a1b2c3d4e5f6"
+down_revision: str | None = "d4a9c1e7b2f3"
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "change_proposals",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("tree_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "status",
+            sa.Enum("pending", "applied", "rejected", name="change_proposal_status"),
+            server_default="pending",
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "origin",
+            sa.Enum("assistant", "contributor", name="change_proposal_origin"),
+            server_default="assistant",
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("created_by_user_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("summary", sa.String(length=512), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("rationale", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("operations", postgresql.JSONB(astext_type=sa.Text()), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("reviewed_by_user_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("reviewed_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("review_note", sa.String(length=512), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("apply_error", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.text("now()"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.text("now()"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("deleted_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["tree_id"], ["trees.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["created_by_user_id"], ["users.id"], ondelete="SET NULL"),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["reviewed_by_user_id"], ["users.id"], ondelete="SET NULL"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_change_proposals_tree_id", "change_proposals", ["tree_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_change_proposals_status", "change_proposals", ["status"])
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_change_proposals_status", table_name="change_proposals")
+    op.drop_index("ix_change_proposals_tree_id", table_name="change_proposals")
+    op.drop_table("change_proposals")
+    sa.Enum(name="change_proposal_status").drop(op.get_bind())
+    sa.Enum(name="change_proposal_origin").drop(op.get_bind())

backend/tests/test_change_proposal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""ChangeProposal: a proposal mutates nothing until an editor approves it, and
+application goes through the editing services (privacy + audit). See
+docs/design/change-proposal.md and CLAUDE.md non-negotiable #1.
+"""
+
+import uuid
+
+from tests.conftest import auth, register
+
+
+async def _tree(client, email):
+    h = auth(await register(client, email))
+    tid = (await client.post("/api/v1/trees", json={"name": "T"}, headers=h)).json()["id"]
+    return h, tid
+
+
+async def _propose(client, tid, headers, summary, operations, origin="assistant"):
+    r = await client.post(
+        f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals",
+        json={"summary": summary, "origin": origin, "operations": operations},
+        headers=headers,
+    )
+    assert r.status_code == 201, r.text
+    return r.json()
+
+
+async def test_proposal_not_applied_until_approved(client):
+    h, tid = await _tree(client, "cp-owner@ex.com")
+    cp = await _propose(
+        client,
+        tid,
+        h,
+        "Add Ada Lovelace",
+        [{"op": "create", "entity_type": "person", "payload": {"given": "Ada", "surname": "Lovelace"}}],
+    )
+    assert cp["status"] == "pending"
+
+    # The proposed person does NOT exist yet.
+    people = (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons", headers=h)).json()
+    assert not any(p["primary_name"] == "Ada Lovelace" for p in people)
+
+    # Approve → applied → the person now exists.
+    a = await client.post(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/apply", headers=h)
+    assert a.status_code == 200 and a.json()["status"] == "applied"
+    people = (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons", headers=h)).json()
+    assert any(p["primary_name"] == "Ada Lovelace" for p in people)
+
+
+async def test_reject_does_not_apply(client):
+    h, tid = await _tree(client, "cp-reject@ex.com")
+    cp = await _propose(
+        client,
+        tid,
+        h,
+        "Add Reject Me",
+        [{"op": "create", "entity_type": "person", "payload": {"given": "Reject", "surname": "Me"}}],
+    )
+    rr = await client.post(
+        f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/reject", json={"note": "no"}, headers=h
+    )
+    assert rr.status_code == 200 and rr.json()["status"] == "rejected"
+    people = (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons", headers=h)).json()
+    assert not any(p["primary_name"] == "Reject Me" for p in people)
+    # A rejected proposal can't then be applied.
+    assert (
+        await client.post(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/apply", headers=h)
+    ).status_code == 409
+
+
+async def test_non_editor_member_can_see_but_not_apply(client):
+    owner = auth(await register(client, "cp-o2@ex.com"))
+    viewer = auth(await register(client, "cp-v2@ex.com"))
+    tid = (
+        await client.post("/api/v1/trees", json={"name": "Shared"}, headers=owner)
+    ).json()["id"]
+    await client.post(
+        f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/members", json={"email": "cp-v2@ex.com", "role": "viewer"}, headers=owner
+    )
+    cp = await _propose(
+        client,
+        tid,
+        owner,
+        "Add V P",
+        [{"op": "create", "entity_type": "person", "payload": {"given": "V", "surname": "P"}}],
+    )
+    # A viewer (member) can see the proposal list...
+    assert (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals", headers=viewer)).status_code == 200
+    # ...but cannot apply it (not an editor).
+    assert (
+        await client.post(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/apply", headers=viewer)
+    ).status_code == 403
+
+
+async def test_multi_op_applies_all(client):
+    h, tid = await _tree(client, "cp-multi@ex.com")
+    pid = (
+        await client.post(
+            f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons", json={"given": "Multi", "surname": "Op"}, headers=h
+        )
+    ).json()["id"]
+    cp = await _propose(
+        client,
+        tid,
+        h,
+        "name + event on existing person",
+        [
+            {"op": "create", "entity_type": "name", "payload": {"person_id": pid, "name_type": "alias", "given": "Mo"}},
+            {"op": "create", "entity_type": "event", "payload": {"event_type": "birth", "person_id": pid, "date_value": "1900"}},
+        ],
+    )
+    assert (
+        await client.post(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/apply", headers=h)
+    ).status_code == 200
+    names = (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons/{pid}/names", headers=h)).json()
+    assert any(n.get("given") == "Mo" for n in names)
+    events = (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons/{pid}/events", headers=h)).json()
+    assert any(e["date_value"] == "1900" for e in events)
+
+
+async def test_apply_with_edited_operations(client):
+    h, tid = await _tree(client, "cp-edit@ex.com")
+    cp = await _propose(
+        client,
+        tid,
+        h,
+        "Add Original",
+        [{"op": "create", "entity_type": "person", "payload": {"given": "Original", "surname": "Name"}}],
+    )
+    edited = {
+        "operations": [
+            {"op": "create", "entity_type": "person", "payload": {"given": "Edited", "surname": "Name"}}
+        ]
+    }
+    assert (
+        await client.post(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/apply", json=edited, headers=h)
+    ).status_code == 200
+    names = {p["primary_name"] for p in (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/persons", headers=h)).json()}
+    assert "Edited Name" in names and "Original Name" not in names
+
+
+async def test_apply_error_keeps_pending(client):
+    h, tid = await _tree(client, "cp-err@ex.com")
+    cp = await _propose(
+        client,
+        tid,
+        h,
+        "Bad update",
+        [{"op": "update", "entity_type": "person", "entity_id": str(uuid.uuid4()), "payload": {"given": "X"}}],
+    )
+    a = await client.post(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}/apply", headers=h)
+    assert a.status_code == 409
+    g = (await client.get(f"/api/v1/trees/{tid}/proposals/{cp['id']}", headers=h)).json()
+    assert g["status"] == "pending"
+    assert g["apply_error"]