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vjailbreak/docs/guides/how-to/enable_kvm_nested_virtualization/index.html
T
OmkarDeshpande7andClaude Sonnet 5 3fc874dd22 Fix docs base path after repo rename to vjailbreak
Rebuilt Astro site with BASE=vjailbreak; old build had base baked
as vjailbreak-docs, causing all CSS/JS asset URLs to 404 on GH Pages.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <[email protected]>
2026-09-16 12:23:48 +05:30

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Enable nested KVM on the compute host</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#step-2--set-the-cpu-mode-in-nova_overrideconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">Step 2 — Set the CPU mode in nova_override.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#step-3--apply" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">Step 3 — Apply</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#step-4--verify" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">Step 4 — Verify</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#pod-automatic" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">Pod (automatic)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a 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<p>vJailbreak runs <code dir="auto">virt-v2v</code> inside a Kubernetes pod (<code dir="auto">v2v-helper</code>) to convert VM disks and inject drivers. By default, <code dir="auto">virt-v2v</code> uses QEMU as its conversion backend. QEMU can run in two modes:</p>
<table><thead><tr><th>Mode</th><th>How it works</th><th>Performance</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>KVM</strong> (hardware-accelerated)</td><td>Uses <code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> — the host kernel’s KVM module</td><td>Fast</td></tr><tr><td><strong>TCG</strong> (software emulation)</td><td>Pure software fallback, no <code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> required</td><td>~10–20× slower</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>When <code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> is not visible inside the pod, QEMU falls back to TCG and logs:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/vjailbreak/_astro/ec.tm3va.css"><script type="module" src="/vjailbreak/_astro/ec.8zarh.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">qemu-kvm: Could not access KVM kernel module: No such file or directory</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">qemu-kvm: falling back to tcg</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="qemu-kvm: Could not access KVM kernel module: No such file or directoryqemu-kvm: falling back to tcg"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Conversions still succeed but take significantly longer.</p>
<h2 id="how-vjailbreak-exposes-devkvm">How vJailbreak exposes <code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code></h2>
<p>The v2v-helper pod already mounts the host <code dir="auto">/dev</code> directory into the pod at <code dir="auto">/dev</code> via a <code dir="auto">hostPath</code> volume. This means <strong>if <code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> exists on the vJailbreak VM, it is automatically visible inside the pod</strong> — no additional configuration is required.</p>
<p>The condition that must be met is that the vJailbreak VM itself has access to KVM, which requires nested virtualization to be enabled at every layer of the stack.</p>
<p>⚠️ <strong>Caution — this affects all VMs on the compute host, not just vjailbreak.</strong></p>
<h2 id="enabling-nested-virtualization">Enabling Nested Virtualization</h2>
<h3 id="step-1--enable-nested-kvm-on-the-compute-host">Step 1 — Enable nested KVM on the compute host</h3>
<p>On each compute host that will run vjailbreak VMs and agents:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested # expect Y (or 1)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53"># AMD: cat /sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/nested</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested # expect Y (or 1)# AMD: cat /sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/nested"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>If disabled, enable it persistently and reload:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53"># Intel</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">echo "options kvm-intel nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-nested.conf</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53"># AMD</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53"># echo "options kvm-amd nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-nested.conf</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">sudo modprobe -r kvm_intel &#x26;&#x26; sudo modprobe kvm_intel # or reboot the host</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="# Intelecho &#x22;options kvm-intel nested=1&#x22; | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-nested.conf# AMD# echo &#x22;options kvm-amd nested=1&#x22; | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-nested.confsudo modprobe -r kvm_intel &#x26;&#x26; sudo modprobe kvm_intel # or reboot the host"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<h3 id="step-2--set-the-cpu-mode-in-nova_overrideconf">Step 2 — Set the CPU mode in <code dir="auto">nova_override.conf</code></h3>
<p><code dir="auto">[libvirt]</code> section of <code dir="auto">/opt/pf9/etc/nova/conf.d/nova_override.conf</code> on each
compute host.</p>
<p><strong>Recommended — <code dir="auto">host-passthrough</code></strong> (passes <code dir="auto">vmx</code>/<code dir="auto">svm</code> through automatically):</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">[libvirt]</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">cpu_mode = host-passthrough</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="[libvirt]cpu_mode = host-passthrough"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p><strong>Alternative — <code dir="auto">host-model</code></strong> (must add the flag explicitly; <code dir="auto">host-model</code> does
<strong>not</strong> expose <code dir="auto">vmx</code>/<code dir="auto">svm</code> by default):</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">[libvirt]</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">cpu_mode = host-model</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">cpu_model_extra_flags = vmx # use svm on AMD</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="[libvirt]cpu_mode = host-modelcpu_model_extra_flags = vmx # use svm on AMD"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> <code dir="auto">host-passthrough</code> ties the VM to a host with a closely matching
CPU, model, and microcode for live migration. For vjailbreak — a
short-lived, migration-tool VM — this is rarely a concern.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="step-3--apply">Step 3 — Apply</h3>
<p>Restart Nova on the compute host, then hard-reboot the vjailbreak VM so it picks
up the new CPU definition (a soft reboot is not enough):</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">sudo systemctl restart pf9-ostackhost</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">openstack server reboot --hard &#x3C;instance-uuid></span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="sudo systemctl restart pf9-ostackhostopenstack server reboot --hard <instance-uuid>"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<h3 id="step-4--verify">Step 4 — Verify</h3>
<p>Inside the vjailbreak VM, confirm the flag is present:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">grep -E -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u # expect vmx (Intel) or svm (AMD)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">ls /dev/kvm # device node should exist</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="grep -E -o &#x27;vmx|svm&#x27; /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u # expect vmx (Intel) or svm (AMD)ls /dev/kvm # device node should exist"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>If <code dir="auto">virt-v2v</code> still falls back to TCG (no acceleration), check that
<code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> is present and that <code dir="auto">kvm-ok</code> (if available) reports acceleration can
be used.</p>
<h3 id="pod-automatic">Pod (automatic)</h3>
<p>No changes are needed. The pod’s <code dir="auto">/dev</code> hostPath mount makes <code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> visible to the <code dir="auto">v2v-helper</code> container as soon as it exists on the vJailbreak VM.</p>
<h2 id="verifying-kvm-is-in-use">Verifying KVM is in use</h2>
<p>After enabling nested virtualization and restarting a migration, inspect the v2v-helper pod logs. You should <strong>not</strong> see the TCG fallback warning. Instead, look for QEMU initializing with KVM:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="bash"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">kubectl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-n</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">migration-system</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">logs</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">&#x3C;migration-name>-v2v-helper</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">|</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">grep</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-i</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">kvm</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="kubectl -n migration-system logs <migration-name>-v2v-helper | grep -i kvm"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>A healthy KVM-accelerated run shows no <code dir="auto">falling back to tcg</code> messages and noticeably faster conversion times.</p>
<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h2>
<table><thead><tr><th>Symptom</th><th>Likely cause</th><th>Fix</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code dir="auto">Could not access KVM kernel module</code> in logs</td><td><code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> missing on vJailbreak VM</td><td>Enable nested virt on the outer hypervisor and load the KVM module</td></tr><tr><td><code dir="auto">kvm_intel</code>/<code dir="auto">kvm_amd</code> module fails to load</td><td>Virtualization extensions not exposed by hypervisor</td><td>Configure the outer hypervisor to pass through CPU virt flags</td></tr><tr><td><code dir="auto">/dev/kvm</code> present on VM but not in pod</td><td>Unlikely — the hostPath mount covers all of <code dir="auto">/dev</code></td><td>Confirm the pod spec has the <code dir="auto">/dev</code> hostPath volume (default in vJailbreak)</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <a href="https://platform9.github.io/vjailbreak/src/content/docs/guides/How-to/enable_kvm_nested_virtualization.md" class="sl-flex print:hidden astro-eez2twj6"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-eez2twj6 astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.2em;"><path d="M22 7.24a1 1 0 0 0-.29-.71l-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 0 0-1.1-.22 1 1 0 0 0-.32.22l-2.83 2.83L2.29 16.05a1 1 0 0 0-.29.71V21a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h4.24a1 1 0 0 0 .76-.29l10.87-10.93L21.71 8c.1-.1.17-.2.22-.33a1 1 0 0 0 0-.24v-.14l.07-.05ZM6.83 20H4v-2.83l9.93-9.93 2.83 2.83L6.83 20ZM18.17 8.66l-2.83-2.83 1.42-1.41 2.82 2.82-1.41 1.42Z"/></svg> Edit page</a> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/vjailbreak/guides/how-to/building/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Build vJailbreak</span> </span> </a> <a href="/vjailbreak/guides/how-to/firstboot_script_doc/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Firstboot Script</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>